Quantum Key Distribution Networks for Trusted 5G and Beyond: An ITU-T Standardization Perspective

The introduction of Quantum Key Distribution Networks (QKDNs) into current communication networks (e.g., 5G networks) and cryptographic infrastructures brings new challenges to the design of network architecture and security considerations. This paper introduces core standards on QKDNs developed in ITU-T SG13 and pre-standardization activities in ITU-T FG-QIT4N. Then, this paper discusses key challenges and identifies potential work items for stimulating future standardization for quantum enhanced networking and services considering trustworthy networking technologies and Artificial Intelligence (AI)/Machine Learning (ML) techniques for 5G and beyond.