Blood metabolic signatures of body mass index: a targeted metabolomics study in the EPIC Cohort

OBJECTIVE: Metabolomic is now widely used to characterize metabolic phenotypes associated with lifestyle risk factors such as obesity. The objective of the present study was to explore the associations of body mass index (BMI) with 145 metabolites measured in blood samples in the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC) study.METHODS: Metabolites were measured in blood from 392 men from the Oxford (UK) cohort (EPIC-Oxford) and in 327 control subjects who were part of a nested case-control study on hepatobiliary carcinomas (EPIC-Hepatobiliary). Measured metabolites included amino acids, acylcarnitines, hexoses, biogenic amines, phosphatidylcholines, and sphingomyelins. Linear regression models controlled for potential confounders and multiple testing were run to evaluate the associations of metabolite concentrations with BMI.RESULTS: Forty and 45 individual metabolites showed significant differences according to BMI variations, in the EPIC-Oxford and EPIC-Hepatobiliary sub-cohorts, respectively. Twenty two individual metabolites were associated with BMI in both sub-cohorts including kynurenine, one sphingomyelin, glutamate and 19 phosphatidylcholines.CONCLUSIONS: The present findings provide additional knowledge on blood metabolic signatures of BMI in European adults, which may help identifying mechanisms mediating the relationship of BMI with obesity-related diseases.