Mitral valve prolapse with ventricular arrhythmias: does it carries a worse prognosis?

The association of mitral valve prolapse (MVP) with ventricular arrhythmias has long been known and has generally been considered a benign condition. In recent years, however, a small but not negligible risk of malignant ventricular arrhythmias and sudden cardiac death has been documented in the large population of subjects with MVP. The main predictors of major arrhythmic risk identified so far include history of syncope, ventricular repolarization abnormalities in the inferior-lateral electrocardiogram leads, right bundle branch block morphology of ventricular ectopic beats, finding of areas of myocardial fibrosis on cardiac magnetic resonance, and mitral annular disjunction (MAD) on echocardiogram, as well as a possible pro-arrhythmic genetic substrate. The stratification of arrhythmic risk, with the active search for red flags and in particular of MAD, is important to identify patients with the malignant arrhythmic variant of MVP in whom to implement closer surveillance and possible therapeutic interventions.