Acute neurotoxicity of L-glutamate induced by impairment of the glutamate uptake system

We examined the effect of the glutamate uptake inhibitor L-trans-pyrrolidine-2,4-dicarboxylic acid (PDC) on the neurotoxicity of L-glutamate in organotypic cultures of rat spinal cord. Eighteen-day-old cultures were incubated with 500 microM L-glutamate, 1 mM PDC, or both. After 72 hours, the tissues were stained for acetylcholinesterase (AChE), and the ventral horn AChE-positive neurons (VHANs) analyzed using morphometry. Neither L-glutamate nor PDC affected AChE staining, but in combination they produced markedly reduced AChE staining in the dorsal horn and a significant decrease in the number of VHANs (especially the smaller VHANs) as compared with the control. Moreover, treatment with 200 microM PDC for 2 weeks preferentially affected the smaller VHANs. The neurotoxicity of L-glutamate plus PDC was blocked by the N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) antagonist 3-((RS)-2-carboxypiperazin-4-yl)-propyl-1-phosphonic acid (CPP). Results suggest that glutamate uptake system has an important protective function in the aggravation of acute neuronal damage.