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Novel Anti-Cytokine Strategies for Prevention and Treatment of Respiratory Allergic Diseases

Authors :
Ekaterina O. Gubernatorova
Olga A. Namakanova
Ekaterina. A. Gorshkova
Alexandra D. Medvedovskaya
Sergei A. Nedospasov
Marina S. Drutskaya
Source :
Frontiers in Immunology, Vol 12 (2021), Frontiers in Immunology
Publication Year :
2021
Publisher :
Frontiers Media S.A., 2021.

Abstract

Asthma is a heterogeneous inflammatory disease characterized by airflow obstruction, wheezing, eosinophilia and neutrophilia of the airways. Identification of distinct inflammatory patterns characterizing asthma endotypes led to the development of novel therapeutic approaches. Cytokine or cytokine receptor targeting by therapeutic antibodies, such as anti-IL-4 and anti-IL-5, is now approved for severe asthma treatment. However, the complexity of cytokine networks in asthma should not be underestimated. Inhibition of one pro-inflammatory cytokine may lead to perturbed expression of another pro-inflammatory cytokine. Without understanding of the underlying mechanisms and defining the molecular predictors it may be difficult to control cytokine release that accompanies certain disease manifestations. Accumulating evidence suggests that in some cases a combined pharmacological inhibition of pathogenic cytokines, such as simultaneous blockade of IL-4 and IL-13 signaling, or blockade of upstream cytokines, such as TSLP, are more effective than single cytokine targeting. IL-6 and TNF are the important inflammatory mediators in the pathogenesis of asthma. Preliminary data suggests that combined pharmacological inhibition of TNF and IL-6 during asthma may be more efficient as compared to individual neutralization of these cytokines. Here we summarize recent findings in the field of anti-cytokine therapy of asthma and discuss immunological mechanisms by which simultaneous targeting of multiple cytokines as opposed to targeting of a single cytokine may improve disease outcomes.

Details

Language :
English
ISSN :
16643224
Volume :
12
Database :
OpenAIRE
Journal :
Frontiers in Immunology
Accession number :
edsair.doi.dedup.....2fe3dcfa98cf7935cc635b69a57eb942
Full Text :
https://doi.org/10.3389/fimmu.2021.601842/full