Post-diagnostic health behaviour scores in relation to fatal prostate cancer

Background Individual health behaviours have been associated with fatal prostate cancer (PCa). Their combined association with fatal PCa after diagnosis is unknown. Methods This prospective cohort included 4518 men diagnosed with nonmetastatic PCa from the Health Professionals Follow-up Study. Exposures included a three-factor score integrating post-diagnostic fatal PCa risk factors (“2021 PCa Behaviour Score”), six-factor score integrating incident aggressive PCa risk factors (“2015 PCa Behaviour Score”), and two scores integrating recommendations for cancer prevention and survival, respectively. Multivariable Cox models estimated hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for fatal PCa. Results Over a median 10.2 years, we observed 219 PCa deaths. Each additional point of one of the PCa-specific health behaviour scores (2015 PCa Behaviour Score) was associated with a 19% reduced fatal PCa risk (HR: 0.81, 95%CI: 0.68–0.97). The 2021 PCa Behaviour Score and scores integrating national recommendations were not associated with fatal PCa. Conclusions While a PCa-specific health behaviour score was associated with a reduced risk of fatal PCa, we did not otherwise observe strong evidence of associations between post-diagnostic scores and fatal PCa. Avoiding tobacco, healthy body size, and physical activity may decrease PCa death risk, but further research is needed to inform cancer survivorship recommendations.