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Reciprocal seasonal variation in vitamin D status and tuberculosis notifications in Cape Town, South Africa
- Source :
- Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. 108:19013-19017
- Publication Year :
- 2011
- Publisher :
- Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 2011.
-
Abstract
- Vitamin D deficiency is associated with susceptibility to tuberculosis (TB) in HIV-uninfected people in Europe, but it is not known whether such an association exists among HIV-infected people in subtropical Africa. We conducted a cross-sectional study to determine whether vitamin D deficiency was associated with susceptibility to active TB in HIV-uninfected ( n = 196) and HIV-infected ( n = 174) black Africans in Cape Town, South Africa. We also investigated whether there was evidence of seasonal variation in vitamin D status and TB notifications in this setting over an 8-y period. Vitamin D deficiency (serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] P < 0.001) and HIV-infected (odds ratio = 5.6, 95% confidence interval: 2.7–11.6; P < 0.001) people. Vitamin D status varied according to season: The mean serum 25(OH)D concentration was highest in January through March and lowest in July through September (56.8 vs. 30.7 nmol/L, respectively; P < 0.001). Reciprocal seasonal variation in TB notifications was observed: The mean number of TB notifications per quarter for Cape Town in 2003 to 2010 was lowest in April through June and highest in October through December (4,222 vs. 5,080; P < 0.001). Vitamin D deficiency is highly prevalent among black Africans in Cape Town and is associated with susceptibility to active TB both in the presence and absence of HIV infection. Reciprocal seasonal variation in serum 25(OH)D concentration and TB notifications suggests that seasonal variations in vitamin D status and TB incidence in this setting are causally related.
- Subjects :
- Analysis of Variance
Multidisciplinary
Tuberculosis
Cross-sectional study
Incidence (epidemiology)
HIV Infections
Odds ratio
Vitamin D Deficiency
medicine.disease
Statistics, Nonparametric
Confidence interval
vitamin D deficiency
South Africa
Cross-Sectional Studies
Geography
Commentaries
Cape
Odds Ratio
Vitamin D and neurology
medicine
Humans
Seasons
Vitamin D
Demography
Subjects
Details
- ISSN :
- 10916490 and 00278424
- Volume :
- 108
- Database :
- OpenAIRE
- Journal :
- Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences
- Accession number :
- edsair.doi.dedup.....30eee2dd7c1b5e45128528546e10083d