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A candidate RxLR effector from Plasmopara viticola can elicit immune responses in Nicotiana benthamiana
- Source :
- BMC Plant Biology, BMC Plant Biology, Vol 17, Iss 1, Pp 1-14 (2017)
- Publication Year :
- 2017
- Publisher :
- Springer Science and Business Media LLC, 2017.
-
Abstract
- Background Diverse plant pathogens deliver effectors into plant cells to alter host processes. Oomycete pathogen encodes a large number of putative RxLR effectors which are likely to play a role in manipulating plant defense responses. The secretome of Plasmopara viticola (downy mildew of grapevine) contains at least 162 candidate RxLR effectors discovered in our recent studies, but their roles in infection and pathogenicity remain to be determined. Here, we characterize in depth one of the putative RxLR effectors, PvRxLR16, which has been reported to induce cell death in Nicotiana benthamiana in our previous study. Results The nuclear localization, W/Y/L motifs, and a putative N-glycosylation site in C-terminal of PvRxLR16 were essential for cell death-inducing activity. Suppressor of G-two allele of Skp1 (SGT1), heat shock protein 90 (HSP90) and required for Mla12 resistance (RAR1), but not somatic embryogenesis receptor-like kinase (SERK3), were required for the cell death response triggered by PvRxLR16 in N. benthamiana. Some mitogen-activated protein kinases and transcription factors were also involved in the perception of PvRxLR16 by N. benthamiana. PvRxLR16 could also significantly enhance plant resistance to Phytophthora capsici and the nuclear localization was required for this ability. However, some other PvRxLR effectors could suppress defense responses and disease resistance induced by PvRxLR16, suggesting that it may not trigger host cell death or immune responses during physiological infection under natural conditions. Conclusion These data demonstrate that PvRxLR16 may be recognized by endogenous proteins in nucleus to trigger immune responses in N. benthamiana, which in turn can be suppressed by other PvRxLR effectors. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12870-017-1016-4) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
- Subjects :
- 0106 biological sciences
0301 basic medicine
Nicotiana benthamiana
Plant Science
01 natural sciences
Fungal Proteins
Plasmopara viticola
03 medical and health sciences
lcsh:Botany
Heat shock protein
Tobacco
Skp1
Plant defense against herbivory
Plant Immunity
Transcription factor
Plant Diseases
Oomycete
Cell Death
biology
Effector
fungi
food and beverages
RxLR effector
biology.organism_classification
Virology
immune responses
lcsh:QK1-989
grapevine
Cell biology
Nicotiana benthamiana cell death
030104 developmental biology
Oomycetes
Signal Transduction
Research Article
010606 plant biology & botany
Subjects
Details
- ISSN :
- 14712229
- Volume :
- 17
- Database :
- OpenAIRE
- Journal :
- BMC Plant Biology
- Accession number :
- edsair.doi.dedup.....310f10257e4e00ffad3dc32d331b2b79