A comparison of structure and thermal behavior in human plasma lipoprotein(a) and low-density lipoprotein. Calorimetry and small-angle X-ray scattering

Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) studies have been performed to investigate the structural properties of lipoprotein(a) [Lp(a)] and low-density lipoprotein (LDL) obtained from the same donor. In addition, a comparison was made between autologous LDL and the remnant particle Lp(a-) obtained by removal of apo(a) through chemical reduction. With Lp(a), three distinct thermal transitions have been observed: the first one around 20 degrees C, arising from the core-located apolar lipids, similar to LDL but with a significantly lower melting temperature as compared to LDL of the same donor. The second one, at 55.7 +/- 0.25 degrees C, can be attributed to apo(a), since it was found to be absent in Lp(a-) and LDL, whereas isolated apo(a) in aqueous solution exhibited a similar transition. The third transition, at 80.4 +/- 0.9 degrees C, corresponds to apo-B100 protein unfolding. The low melting temperature of the core lipids in Lp(a) is preserved in Lp(a-); this suggests that the apolar lipid interactions are unaffected by apo(a) binding, and that the difference in the core melting behavior between Lp(a) and LDL is due to a different stabilization through interaction between the apolar core and the surface monolayer lipids. SAXS curves exhibited qualitatively the same characteristic features for LDL, Lp(a), and Lp(a-). Thus, the SAXS results showed that no major deviations from spherical particle shape occur with Lp(a), indicating that apo(a) wraps around the particle surface without major globular protrusions into the aqueous surrounding.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)