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Prospective Use of Brown Spider Venom Toxins as Therapeutic and Biotechnological Inputs
- Source :
- Frontiers in Molecular Biosciences, Frontiers in Molecular Biosciences, Vol 8 (2021)
- Publication Year :
- 2021
- Publisher :
- Frontiers Media SA, 2021.
-
Abstract
- Brown spider (genus Loxosceles) venoms are mainly composed of protein toxins used for predation and defense. Bites of these spiders most commonly produce a local dermonecrotic lesion with gravitational spread, edema and hemorrhage, which together are defined as cutaneous loxoscelism. Systemic loxoscelism, such as hematological abnormalities and renal injury, are less frequent but more lethal. Some Loxosceles venom toxins have already been isolated and extensively studied, such as phospholipases D (PLDs), which have been recombinantly expressed and were proven to reproduce toxic activities associated to the whole venom. PLDs have a notable potential to be engineered and converted in non-toxic antigens to produce a new generation of antivenoms or vaccines. PLDs also can serve as tools to discover inhibitors to be used as therapeutic agents. Other Loxosceles toxins have been identified and functionally characterized, such as hyaluronidases, allergen factor, serpin, TCTP and knottins (ICK peptides). All these toxins were produced as recombinant molecules and are biologically active molecules that can be used as tools for the potential development of chemical candidates to tackle many medical and biological threats, acting, for instance, as antitumoral, insecticides, analgesic, antigens for allergy tests and biochemical reagents for cell studies. In addition, these recombinant toxins may be useful to develop a rational therapy for loxoscelism. This review summarizes the main candidates for the development of drugs and biotechnological inputs that have been described in Brown spider venoms.
- Subjects :
- 0301 basic medicine
QH301-705.5
venom
Venom
Review
Serpin
Biology
recombinant proteins
complex mixtures
Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (miscellaneous)
Biochemistry
law.invention
Microbiology
03 medical and health sciences
Antigen
Renal injury
law
medicine
Molecular Biosciences
Biology (General)
Molecular Biology
030102 biochemistry & molecular biology
medicine.disease
proteins
Loxoscelism
Brown spider
030104 developmental biology
peptides
Recombinant DNA
Genus Loxosceles
Loxosceles
Subjects
Details
- Language :
- English
- ISSN :
- 2296889X
- Volume :
- 8
- Database :
- OpenAIRE
- Journal :
- Frontiers in Molecular Biosciences
- Accession number :
- edsair.doi.dedup.....31e87733dcf3a23276ce71dbf3699e44
- Full Text :
- https://doi.org/10.3389/fmolb.2021.706704