Electric muscle stimulation in the spontaneously hypertensive rat induces a post-stimulatory reduction in activity: role of different opioid receptors

We have previously shown that prolonged low-frequency muscle stimulation, inducing contractions of the gastrocnemius muscle, in conscious spontaneously hypertensive rats leads to an opioid-mediated post-stimulatory reduction in blood pressure and analgesia. In the present study we investigated whether muscle stimulation would also induce a post-stimulatory reduction in behavioural activity in the spontaneously hypertensive rats. Selective opioid receptor antagonists were used to analyse the involvement of endogenous opioids. Muscle stimulation, lasting 60 min, induced a post-stimulatory sedation that outlasted the stimulation for hours. Sniffing, locomotor activity and total behavioural activity were significantly reduced. The post-stimulatory reduction in activity was reversed back to control levels by a high dose of naloxone (15 mg kg-1 i.v.). The selective mu-receptor antagonist beta-funaltrexamine, given intracerebroventricularly before stimulation, did not influence the development of the post-stimulatory drop in activity. The delta-receptor antagonist ICI 154,129 had no effect at all on the already developed sedation, whereas MR 2266 BS, a kappa-receptor antagonist (3 mg kg-1 i.v.), completely reversed the drop in activity. These results show that muscle stimulation gives rise to an opioid-mediated post-stimulatory reduction in activity in spontaneously hypertensive rats. The results also indicate the involvement of the opioid kappa-receptor in the behavioural response.