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Antimicrobial and Immunomodulating Activities of Two Endemic Nepeta Species and Their Major Iridoids Isolated from Natural Sources
- Source :
- Pharmaceuticals, Vol 14, Iss 414, p 414 (2021), Pharmaceuticals, Volume 14, Issue 5
- Publication Year :
- 2021
- Publisher :
- MDPI AG, 2021.
-
Abstract
- Two Balkan Peninsula endemics, Nepeta rtanjensis and N. argolica subsp. argolica, both characterized by specialized metabolite profiles predominated by iridoids and phenolics, are differentiated according to the stereochemistry of major iridoid aglycone nepetalactone (NL). For the first time, the present study provides a comparative analysis of antimicrobial and immunomodulating activities of the two Nepeta species and their major iridoids isolated from natural sources—cis,trans-NL, trans,cis-NL, and 1,5,9-epideoxyloganic acid (1,5,9-eDLA), as well as of phenolic acid rosmarinic acid (RA). Methanol extracts and pure iridoids displayed excellent antimicrobial activity against eight strains of bacteria and seven strains of fungi. They were especially potent against food-borne pathogens such as L. monocytogenes, E. coli, S. aureus, Penicillium sp., and Aspergillus sp. Targeted iridoids were efficient agents in preventing biofilm formation of resistant P. aeruginosa strain, and they displayed additive antimicrobial interaction. Iridoids are, to a great extent, responsible for the prominent antimicrobial activities of the two Nepeta species, although are probably minor contributors to the moderate immunomodulatory effects. The analyzed iridoids and RA, individually or in mixtures, have the potential to be used in the pharmaceutical industry as potent antimicrobials, and in the food industry to increase the shelf life and safety of food products.
- Subjects :
- Iridoid
medicine.drug_class
Pharmaceutical Science
1,5,9-epideoxyloganic acid
01 natural sciences
9-epideoxyloganic acid
nepetalactone
chemistry.chemical_compound
Pharmacy and materia medica
Nepetalactone
Nepeta
Drug Discovery
medicine
antimicrobial activity
biology
Traditional medicine
010405 organic chemistry
antibiofilm
Rosmarinic acid
Phenolic acid
biology.organism_classification
Antimicrobial
0104 chemical sciences
3. Good health
RS1-441
010404 medicinal & biomolecular chemistry
Aglycone
chemistry
immunomodulatory effects
Penicillium
Molecular Medicine
Medicine
Subjects
Details
- Language :
- English
- ISSN :
- 14248247
- Volume :
- 14
- Issue :
- 414
- Database :
- OpenAIRE
- Journal :
- Pharmaceuticals
- Accession number :
- edsair.doi.dedup.....333d4d3cd45b22413d5491830f064284