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GPR35 in Intestinal Diseases: From Risk Gene to Function
- Source :
- Frontiers in Immunology, Frontiers in Immunology, Vol 12 (2021)
- Publication Year :
- 2021
- Publisher :
- Frontiers Media SA, 2021.
-
Abstract
- Diet and gut microbial metabolites mediate host immune responses and are central to the maintenance of intestinal health. The metabolite-sensing G-protein coupled receptors (GPCRs) bind metabolites and trigger signals that are important for the host cell function, survival, proliferation and expansion. On the contrary, inadequate signaling of these metabolite-sensing GPCRs most likely participate to the development of diseases including inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD). In the intestine, metabolite-sensing GPCRs are highly expressed by epithelial cells and by specific subsets of immune cells. Such receptors provide an important link between immune system, gut microbiota and metabolic system. Member of these receptors, GPR35, a class A rhodopsin-like GPCR, has been shown to be activated by the metabolites tryptophan-derived kynurenic acid (KYNA), the chemokine CXCL17 and phospholipid derivate lysophosphatidic acid (LPA) species. There have been studies on GPR35 in the context of intestinal diseases since its identification as a risk gene for IBD. In this review, we discuss the pharmacology of GPR35 including its proposed endogenous and synthetic ligands as well as its antagonists. We elaborate on the risk variants of GPR35 implicated in gut-related diseases and the mechanisms by which GPR35 contribute to intestinal homeostasis.
- Subjects :
- Chemokine
Mini Review
Immunology
Gut flora
Kynurenic Acid
Receptors, G-Protein-Coupled
chemistry.chemical_compound
Immune system
Lysophosphatidic acid
microbiota
Animals
Homeostasis
Humans
Immunology and Allergy
Receptor
metabolites
CXCL17
G protein-coupled receptor
biology
risk variants
RC581-607
biology.organism_classification
Inflammatory Bowel Diseases
Intestines
chemistry
biology.protein
Immunologic diseases. Allergy
Lysophospholipids
GPR35
Chemokines, CXC
Signal Transduction
ligand-receptor interactions
Subjects
Details
- Language :
- English
- ISSN :
- 16643224
- Volume :
- 12
- Database :
- OpenAIRE
- Journal :
- Frontiers in Immunology
- Accession number :
- edsair.doi.dedup.....33a71c215869626be5da228252bc4966
- Full Text :
- https://doi.org/10.3389/fimmu.2021.717392