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Association between ambient air pollution and breast cancer risk: The multiethnic cohort study
- Source :
- Int J Cancer
- Publication Year :
- 2019
- Publisher :
- Wiley, 2019.
-
Abstract
- Previous studies using different exposure methods to assess air pollution and breast cancer risk among primarily whites have been inconclusive. Air pollutant exposures of particulate matter and oxides of nitrogen were estimated by kriging (NOx , NO2 , PM10 , PM2.5 ), land use regression (LUR, NOx , NO2 ) and California Line Source Dispersion model (CALINE4, NOx , PM2.5 ) for 57,589 females from the Multiethnic Cohort, residing largely in Los Angeles County from recruitment (1993-1996) through 2010. Cox proportional hazards models were used to examine the associations between time-varying air pollution and breast cancer incidence adjusting for confounding factors. Stratified analyses were conducted by race/ethnicity and distance to major roads. Among all women, breast cancer risk was positively but not significantly associated with NOx (per 50 parts per billion [ppb]) and NO2 (per 20 ppb) determined by kriging and LUR and with PM2.5 and PM10 (per 10 μg/m3 ) determined by kriging. However, among women who lived within 500 m of major roads, significantly increased risks were observed with NOx (hazard ratio [HR] = 1.35, 95% confidence interval [95% CI]: 1.02-1.79), NO2 (HR = 1.44, 95% CI: 1.04-1.99), PM10 (HR = 1.29, 95% CI: 1.07-1.55) and PM2.5 (HR = 1.85, 95% CI: 1.15-2.99) determined by kriging and NOx (HR = 1.21, 95% CI:1.01-1.45) and NO2 (HR = 1.26, 95% CI: 1.00-1.59) determined by LUR. No overall associations were observed with exposures assessed by CALINE4. Subgroup analyses suggested stronger associations of NOx and NO2 among African Americans and Japanese Americans. Further studies of multiethnic populations to confirm the effects of air pollution, particularly near-roadway exposures, on the risk of breast cancer is warranted.
- Subjects :
- inorganic chemicals
Cancer Research
medicine.medical_specialty
Time Factors
Air pollution
Breast Neoplasms
medicine.disease_cause
complex mixtures
California
Article
Cohort Studies
03 medical and health sciences
0302 clinical medicine
Breast cancer
Risk Factors
Air Pollution
Environmental health
Epidemiology
Humans
Medicine
Prospective Studies
Aged
Air Pollutants
Asian
business.industry
Proportional hazards model
Incidence
Incidence (epidemiology)
Hazard ratio
Confounding
Middle Aged
respiratory system
medicine.disease
Confidence interval
Black or African American
Oncology
030220 oncology & carcinogenesis
Female
Particulate Matter
business
Follow-Up Studies
Subjects
Details
- ISSN :
- 10970215 and 00207136
- Volume :
- 146
- Database :
- OpenAIRE
- Journal :
- International Journal of Cancer
- Accession number :
- edsair.doi.dedup.....36642ea66258a16dec3c405d052f0b97