A de novo variant of POLR3B causes demyelinating Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease in a Chinese patient: a case report

Background Charcot-Marie-Tooth (CMT) disease is a group of inherited peripheral neuropathies, which are subdivided into demyelinating and axonal forms. Biallelic mutations in POLR3B are the well-established cause of hypomyelinating leukodystrophy, which is characterized by hypomyelination, hypodontia, and hypogonadotropic hypogonadism. To date, only one study has reported the demyelinating peripheral neuropathy phenotype caused by heterozygous POLR3B variants. Case presentation A 19-year-old male patient was referred to our hospital for progressive muscle weakness of the lower extremities. Physical examination showed muscle atrophy, sensory loss and deformities of the extremities. Nerve conduction studies and electromyography tests revealed sensorimotor demyelinating polyneuropathy with secondary axonal loss. Trio whole-exome sequencing revealed a de novo variant in POLR3B (c.3137G > A). Conclusions In this study, we report the case of a Chinese patient with a de novo variant in POLR3B (c.3137G > A), who manifested demyelinating CMT phenotype without additional neurological or extra-neurological involvement. This work is the second report on POLR3B-related CMT.