Impaired β-cell function attenuates training effects by reducing the increase in heart rate reserve in patients with myocardial infarction

BackgroundInsulin resistance (IR) is characterized as a metabolic disorder syndrome that is upstream of hypertension, dyslipidemia, and diabetes mellitus (DM). This study investigated exercise training effects on the exercise tolerance and heart rate dynamics in patients with IR or pancreatic β-cell dysfunction.MethodsSeventy patients (mean age, 60.1 years) with myocardial infarction (MI) participating in a phase II cardiac rehabilitation program were studied. Patients diagnosed with DM were excluded. Homeostasis model-assessment indices were used to divide patients into three groups – A: IR; B: normal; and C: β-cell dysfunction.A cardiopulmonary exercise test (CPX) was performed and peak oxygen uptake (V˙O2) was measured. After baseline testing, subjects participated in a supervised, combined aerobic and resistance exercise program.ResultsPeak V˙O2 at baseline was comparable among the three groups, and it improved after training in all groups (p