Point mutations in the c-K-ras 2 gene in multiple colorectal carcinomas

The c-K-ras 2 gene mutations were examined in colorectal tumours from patients with synchronous or metachronous tumours in order to investigate tumorigenesis. Sixty-seven colorectal carcinomas from patients with a single lesion, 50 from patients with synchronous lesions, and 12 from patients with metachronous lesions were analysed for the presence of point mutations in codons 12 and 13 of c-K-ras proto-oncogene. In the patients with metachronous or synchronous lesions, the finding of the mutation in one tumour was not associated with a greater frequency of the mutation in other carcinomas from the same patient. In the patients with tumours that each contained the mutation, the mutations were not always the same. In tumours from the patients with original and synchronous lesions, the mutation frequency was significantly lower in advanced carcinomas invading through the entire muscularis propria (10.5%) than in early carcinomas confined to the mucosa (47.8%), and the mutation frequency in carcinomas invading through the entire muscularis propria was significantly lower in patients with synchronous lesions (10.5%) than in patients with a single lesion (37.7%). These results suggest that the tumorigenesis of colorectal carcinomas from patients with synchronous lesions is different from that in patients with a single lesion.