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High prevalence of hepatitis E in humans and pigs and evidence of genotype-3 virus in swine, Madagascar

Authors :
Eric Cardinale
Vincent Porphyre
Coralie Foray
Soa Fy Andriamandimby
Nicole Pavio
Sarah Temmam
Jean-Michel Heraud
Harentsoaniaina Rasamoelina-Andriamanivo
Koussay Dellagi
Hervé Pascalis
Lydia Besnard
Centre de Recherche et de Veille sur les Maladies Émergentes dans l'Océan Indien (CRVOI)
Université de La Réunion (UR)
Institut Pasteur de Madagascar
Réseau International des Instituts Pasteur (RIIP)
Contrôle des maladies animales exotiques et émergentes (UMR CMAEE)
Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)
Département de Recherches Zootechniques et Vétérinaires
FOFIFA
Unité de Virologie [Antananarivo, Madagascar] (IPM)
Réseau International des Instituts Pasteur (RIIP)-Réseau International des Instituts Pasteur (RIIP)
Virologie
Agence nationale de sécurité sanitaire de l'alimentation, de l'environnement et du travail (ANSES)
Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)
The main financial support was provided by theRegional Council of La Réunion, the European Regional development Funds (ERDF) and French Government through the QualiREG research network in Indian Ocean (www.qualireg.org). We are grateful to Institut Pasteur in Madagascar for funding the human study component. We warmly thank the French Agency forFood, Environmental and Occupational Health & Safety (ANSES) for funding the serological analysis work in swine.
Laboratoire d'Ecologie Microbienne - UMR 5557 (LEM)
Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL)
Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-VetAgro Sup - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur et de recherche en alimentation, santé animale, sciences agronomiques et de l'environnement (VAS)-Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire de Lyon (ENVL)
Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)
Centre National de Recherche Appliquée au Développement Rural (FOFIFA)
Source :
American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene, American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene, American Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene, 2013, 88 (2), pp.329--338. ⟨10.4269/ajtmh.2012.12-0615⟩
Publication Year :
2013

Abstract

International audience; Hepatitis E virus (HEV) causes an orofecal disease transmitted through poor hygiene environments, contaminated food (mainly pork products), or by contacts with infected animals. Very little data are currently available regarding the disease in the Southwestern Indian Ocean Islands. We report the first sero- and viro-survey for HEV in human and swine in Madagascar. A seroprevalence rate of 14.1% (60 of 427) was measured in slaughterhouse workers. Seroprevalence to HEV in pigs was estimated to 71.2% (178 of 250), strongly suggesting the existence of a zoonotic cycle. Three out of 250 pig livers (1.2%) tested HEV RNA-positive by quantitative polymerase chain reaction. Phylogenetic analyses based on 1-kb sequences of the ORF 2-3 identified these viruses as HEV genotype 3. Sequences clustered in a distinct Malagasy sub-clade, possibly representative of a new sub-genotype, for which the date of emergence was estimated around 1989. Further studies are needed to confirm other transmission routes of HEV to humans, especially through non-zoonotic cycles.

Details

Language :
English
ISSN :
00029637
Database :
OpenAIRE
Journal :
American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene, American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene, American Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene, 2013, 88 (2), pp.329--338. ⟨10.4269/ajtmh.2012.12-0615⟩
Accession number :
edsair.doi.dedup.....382de36c6576338f68abfeaa2a3ee6c3