Electrocortical networks in Parkinson's disease patients with Mild Cognitive Impairment. The PaCoS study

Introduction Parkinson's Disease (PD) is frequently associated with cognitive dysfunction ranging from Mild Cognitive Impairment (PD-MCI) to dementia. Few electrophysiological studies are available evaluating potential pathogenetic mechanisms linked to cognitive impairment in PD since its initial phases. The objective of the study is to analyze electrocortical networks related with cognitive decline in PD-MCI for identifying possible early electrophysiological markers of cognitive impairment in PD. Methods From the PaCoS (Parkinson's disease Cognitive impairment Study) cohort, a sample of 102 subjects including 46 PD-MCI and 56 PD with normal cognition (PD-NC) was selected based on the presence of a neuropsychological assessment and at least one EEG recording. EEG signal epochs were analysed using Independent Component Analysis LORETA and spectral analysis by computing the Power Spectral Density (PSD) of site-specific signal epochs. Results LORETA analysis revealed significant differences in PD-MCI patients compared to PD-NC, with a decreased network involving alpha activity over the occipital lobe, an increased network involving beta activity over the frontal lobe associated with a reduction over the parietal lobe, an increased network involving theta and delta activity over the frontal lobe and a reduction of networks involving theta and delta activity in the parietal lobe. Quantitative EEG analysis showed a significant decrease of alpha PSD over the occipital regions and an increase of delta PSD over the left temporal region in PD-MCI as compared to PD-NC. Conclusion Electrocortical abnormalities detected in PD-MCI patients may represent the instrumental counterpart of early cognitive decline in PD.