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The Reflective Mind: Examining Individual Differences in Susceptibility to Base Rate Neglect with fMRI
- Source :
- Vartanian, O, Beatty, E, Smith, I, Blackler, K, Lam, Q, Forbes, S & De Neys, W 2018, ' The reflective mind : Examining individual differences in susceptibility to base rate neglect with fMRI ', Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience (Online), vol. 30, no. 7, pp. 1011-1022 . https://doi.org/10.1162/jocn_a_01264
- Publication Year :
- 2018
-
Abstract
- Performance on heuristics and bias tasks has been shown to be susceptible to bias. In turn, susceptibility to bias varies as a function of individual differences in cognitive abilities (e.g., intelligence) and thinking styles (e.g., propensity for reflection). Using a classic task (i.e., lawyer–engineer problem), we conducted two experiments to examine the differential contributions of cognitive abilities versus thinking styles to performance. The results of Experiment 1 demonstrated that the Cognitive Reflection Test (CRT)—a well-established measure of reflective thinking—predicted performance on conflict problems (where base rates and intuition point in opposite directions), whereas STM predicted performance on nonconflict problems. Experiment 2 conducted in the fMRI scanner replicated this behavioral dissociation and enabled us to probe their neural correlates. As predicted, conflict problems were associated with greater activation in the ACC—a key region for conflict detection—even in cases when participants responded stereotypically. In participants with higher CRT scores, conflict problems were associated with greater activation in the posterior cingulate cortex (PCC), and activation in PCC covaried in relation to CRT scores during conflict problems. Also, CRT scores predicted activation in PCC in conflict problems (over and above nonconflict problems). Our results suggest that individual differences in reflective thinking as measured by CRT are related to brain activation in PCC—a region involved in regulating attention between external and internal foci. We discuss the implications of our findings in terms of PCC's possible involvement in switching from intuitive to analytic mode of thought.
- Subjects :
- Adult
Male
intuitive thinking
Cognitive Neuroscience
Base rate fallacy
Individuality
Cognitive Reflection Test
Brain mapping
Gyrus Cinguli
050105 experimental psychology
base rate
Perceptual Disorders
Thinking
03 medical and health sciences
Young Adult
0302 clinical medicine
Cognition
Image Processing, Computer-Assisted
Reaction Time
Humans
0501 psychology and cognitive sciences
posterior cingulate cortex
Brain Mapping
05 social sciences
Intuitive thinking
Middle Aged
Magnetic Resonance Imaging
Oxygen
anterior cingulate cortex
Female
Psychology
Heuristics
030217 neurology & neurosurgery
Photic Stimulation
Cognitive psychology
Subjects
Details
- ISSN :
- 15308898
- Volume :
- 30
- Issue :
- 7
- Database :
- OpenAIRE
- Journal :
- Journal of cognitive neuroscience
- Accession number :
- edsair.doi.dedup.....3a8e0a9f3a9057c83a66f112ebaa761b