Terrorist threat: Creating a nationwide damage control training program for non-trauma care providers

Introduction: The terrorist threat leads to challenge nations to train numerous non-trauma care providers, with different backgrounds, in damage control (DC) strategies. The purpose of this work was to propose a specific DC training program. Methods: A Task Force of 16 civilian and military physicians met for a 24-hour session, to propose the construction of a DC training program for non-specialised caregivers. Results: Existing DC training programs are heterogeneous, mainly theoretical and almost only for physicians. A program entitled Damage Control for Terrorist Attack Victims (DC-TAV) was then proposed. Identified training targets were care providers from prehospital and hospital staffs, with no trauma experience. The training objectives were the improvement of individual and collective skills for DC strategies for management of terrorist attacks casualties. The tools selected for training concerned e-learning on a dedicated digital teaching platform (including a core section of four modules with types and mechanisms of injury, basic DC techniques, triage, organisation of emergency medical response; and two complementary modules for doctors with DC resuscitation including remote transfusion and DC surgery), hands-on workshops with procedural simulation and full-scale simulation exercises, technical (tourniquets, haemostatic gauzes, needle thoracostomy, chest tube drainage, management of airway, coniotomy) and non-technical (leadership, communication, coordination and triage, decision-making, appropriate use of resources) skills. Finally, an evaluation of the DC-TAV program was planned. Conclusions: The DC-TAV program is an ambitious, civilian-military, nationwide and long-term program, based on a harmonised standard of care and including multidimensional training. Further studies are required to assess its efficacy.