Atypical interoception as a common risk factor for psychopathology: A review

Graphical abstract
Highlights • Reviews evidence that atypical interoception is observed across multiple disorders. • Interoception is associated with performance in fundamental domains of functioning. • Interoception is associated with cross-disorder symptomology. • Argues that interoception may be a common vulnerability for psychopathology. • Outstanding questions for future research are outlined.
The inadequacy of a categorial approach to mental health diagnosis is now well-recognised, with many authors, diagnostic manuals and funding bodies advocating a dimensional, trans-diagnostic approach to mental health research. Variance in interoception, the ability to perceive one’s internal bodily state, is reported across diagnostic boundaries, and is associated with atypical functioning across symptom categories. Drawing on behavioural and neuroscientific evidence, we outline current research on the contribution of interoception to numerous cognitive and affective abilities (in both typical and clinical populations), and describe the interoceptive atypicalities seen in a range of psychiatric conditions. We discuss the role that interoception may play in the development and maintenance of psychopathology, as well as the ways in which interoception may differ across clinical presentations. A number of important areas for further research on the role of interoception in psychopathology are highlighted.