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Differential associations between plasma concentrations of insulin and glucose and intestinal expression of key genes involved in chylomicron metabolism
- Source :
- American Journal of Physiology-Gastrointestinal and Liver Physiology. 315:G177-G184
- Publication Year :
- 2018
- Publisher :
- American Physiological Society, 2018.
-
Abstract
- The mechanisms underlying the oversecretion of apolipoprotein (apo)B-48-containing triglyceride-rich lipoproteins (TRL) in insulin-resistance (IR) states in humans remain to be fully understood. The objective of this study was to evaluate the association between the plasma levels of insulin and glucose and the intestinal expression of key genes involved in chylomicron metabolism in a large sample of nondiabetic men displaying various degrees of IR. Duodenal biopsies were obtained by gastroduodenoscopy in 127 men free of intestinal disease. Gene expression was measured using quantitative PCR in duodenal samples. Plasma insulin and glucose concentrations were measured in the fasting state. Postprandial TRL apoB-48 kinetics were measured using a primed-constant infusion of l-[5,5,5-D3]leucine for 12 h in a subgroup of 75 subjects maintained in a constant fed state. Plasma insulin levels were negatively associated with intestinal expression of ACS1 (standard β = −0.20, P = 0.007), DGAT1 (β = −0.18, P = 0.001), DGAT2 (β = −0.20, P = 0.02), and MTP (β = −0.27, P = 0.0005), whereas glucose levels were positively associated with MTP expression (β = 0.15, P = 0.04) independent of age, BMI, waist circumference, dietary intake, and duodenal expression of SREBP1c. Insulin levels, but not glucose concentrations, were positively correlated with postprandial TRL apoB-48 production rate ( r = 0.24, P = 0.04) and pool size ( r = 0.27, P = 0.03). In conclusion, plasma insulin and glucose levels are differentially associated with the expression of key genes involved in chylomicron metabolism. These results suggest that alterations in intestinal lipoprotein metabolism associated with IR may be regulated by plasma levels of both insulin and glucose concurrently and are therefore likely modified by the onset of insulin insufficiency.NEW & NOTEWORTHY We demonstrate that plasma insulin and glucose levels are differentially associated with the expression of key genes involved in chylomicron metabolism in men. For instance, intestinal expression of MTP is negatively associated with plasma insulin concentrations and positively associated with plasma glucose concentrations. Alterations in intestinal lipoprotein metabolism associated with insulin resistance may be regulated by plasma levels of both insulin and glucose concurrently and are therefore likely modified by the onset of insulin insufficiency.
- Subjects :
- Adult
Blood Glucose
Male
0301 basic medicine
Apolipoprotein B-48
medicine.medical_specialty
Duodenum
Physiology
Lipoproteins
medicine.medical_treatment
Gene Expression
030204 cardiovascular system & hematology
N-Acetylglucosaminyltransferases
03 medical and health sciences
0302 clinical medicine
Insulin resistance
Intestinal mucosa
Physiology (medical)
Internal medicine
Chylomicrons
Gene expression
medicine
Humans
Insulin
Diacylglycerol O-Acyltransferase
Intestinal Mucosa
Hepatology
Chemistry
Gastroenterology
Metabolism
Postprandial Period
medicine.disease
030104 developmental biology
Endocrinology
medicine.anatomical_structure
Insulin Resistance
Carrier Proteins
Chylomicron
Subjects
Details
- ISSN :
- 15221547 and 01931857
- Volume :
- 315
- Database :
- OpenAIRE
- Journal :
- American Journal of Physiology-Gastrointestinal and Liver Physiology
- Accession number :
- edsair.doi.dedup.....3cbd1f039f1441428b185fbcc263d4fe
- Full Text :
- https://doi.org/10.1152/ajpgi.00108.2018