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Factors Associated with Bone Mineral Density and Bone Resorption Markers in Postmenopausal HIV-Infected Women on Antiretroviral Therapy: A Prospective Cohort Study
- Source :
- Nutrients, Volume 13, Issue 6, Nutrients, Vol 13, Iss 2090, p 2090 (2021)
- Publication Year :
- 2021
- Publisher :
- Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute, 2021.
-
Abstract
- The study aimed to determine factors associated with changes in bone mineral density (BMD) and bone resorption markers over two years in black postmenopausal women living with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) on antiretroviral therapy (ART). Women (n = 120) aged &gt<br />45 years were recruited from Potchefstroom, South Africa. Total lumbar spine and left femoral neck (LFN) BMD were measured with dual energy X-ray absorptiometry. Fasting serum C-Telopeptide of Type I collagen (CTx), vitamin D and parathyroid hormone were measured. Vitamin D insufficiency levels increased from 23% at baseline to 39% at follow up. In mixed linear models serum CTx showed no change from baseline to end (p = 0.363, effect size = 0.09). Total and LFN BMD increased significantly over two years, but effect sizes were small. No significant change in spine BMD over time was detected (p = 0.19, effect size = 0.02). Age was significantly positively associated with CTx over time, and negatively with total and LFN BMD. Physical activity (PA) was positively associated with LFN BMD (p = 0.008). Despite a decrease in serum vitamin D, BMD and CTx showed small or no changes over 2 years. Future studies should investigate PA interventions to maintain BMD in women living with HIV.
- Subjects :
- musculoskeletal diseases
medicine.medical_specialty
Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)
Parathyroid hormone
030209 endocrinology & metabolism
HIV Infections
medicine.disease_cause
Gastroenterology
Article
Bone resorption
Collagen Type I
03 medical and health sciences
Eating
South Africa
0302 clinical medicine
Absorptiometry, Photon
black
Bone Density
Internal medicine
Vitamin D and neurology
Medicine
Humans
TX341-641
030212 general & internal medicine
Prospective Studies
Bone Resorption
Vitamin D
Prospective cohort study
Osteoporosis, Postmenopausal
Bone mineral
Nutrition and Dietetics
Lumbar Vertebrae
calcium
postmenopausal
Nutrition. Foods and food supply
business.industry
Femur Neck
HIV
Middle Aged
Antiretroviral therapy
Postmenopause
Parathyroid Hormone
Antirheumatic Agents
Female
business
bone mineral density
Type I collagen
Food Science
Subjects
Details
- Language :
- English
- ISSN :
- 20726643
- Database :
- OpenAIRE
- Journal :
- Nutrients
- Accession number :
- edsair.doi.dedup.....3da9a6abae963d56048c0048c905ccbe
- Full Text :
- https://doi.org/10.3390/nu13062090