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Predictors of urinary phthalate biomarker concentrations in postmenopausal women
- Source :
- Environmental Research. 169:122-130
- Publication Year :
- 2019
- Publisher :
- Elsevier BV, 2019.
-
Abstract
- Background Phthalates are ubiquitous endocrine disrupting chemicals present in a wide variety of consumer products. However, the personal characteristics associated with phthalate exposure are unclear. Objectives We sought to describe personal, behavioral, and reproductive characteristics associated with phthalate metabolite concentrations in an ongoing study nested within the Women's Health Initiative (WHI). Materials and Methods We measured thirteen phthalate metabolites in two or three archived urine samples collected in 1993–2001 from each of 1257 WHI participants (2991 observations). We fit multivariable generalized estimating equation models to predict urinary biomarker concentrations from personal, behavioral, and reproductive characteristics. Results Older age was predictive of lower concentrations of monobenzyl phthalate (MBzP), mono-carboxyoctyl phthalate (MCOP), mono-3-carboxypropyl phthalate (MCPP), and the sum of di-n-butyl phthalate metabolites (ΣDBP). Phthalate metabolite concentrations varied by race/region, with generally higher concentrations observed among non-Whites and women from the West region. Higher neighborhood socioeconomic status predicted lower MBzP concentrations, and higher education predicted lower monoethyl phthalate (MEP) and higher concentrations of the sum of metabolites of di-isobutyl phthalate (ΣDiBP). Overweight/obesity predicted higher MBzP, MCOP, monocarboxynonyl phthalate (MCNP), MCPP, and the sum of metabolites of di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (ΣDEHP) and lower MEP concentrations. Alcohol consumption predicted higher concentrations of MEP and ΣDBP, while current smokers had higher ΣDBP concentrations. Better diet quality as assessed by Healthy Eating Index 2005 scores predicted lower concentrations of MBzP, ΣDiBP, and ΣDEHP. Conclusion Factors predictive of lower biomarker concentrations included increased age and healthy behaviors (e.g. lower alcohol intake, lower body mass index, not smoking, higher quality diet, and moderate physical activity). Racial group (generally higher among non-Whites) and geographic regions (generally higher in Northeast and West compared to South regions) also were predictive of phthalate biomarker concentrations.
- Subjects :
- Urinary system
Phthalic Acids
Physiology
Urine
010501 environmental sciences
Overweight
01 natural sciences
Biochemistry
Article
03 medical and health sciences
chemistry.chemical_compound
0302 clinical medicine
Pregnancy
Humans
Medicine
Women
Mass index
030212 general & internal medicine
Child
Aged
0105 earth and related environmental sciences
General Environmental Science
Postmenopausal women
business.industry
Phthalate
Environmental Exposure
medicine.disease
Obesity
Postmenopause
chemistry
Biomarker (medicine)
Environmental Pollutants
Female
medicine.symptom
business
Biomarkers
Subjects
Details
- ISSN :
- 00139351
- Volume :
- 169
- Database :
- OpenAIRE
- Journal :
- Environmental Research
- Accession number :
- edsair.doi.dedup.....40dca9a2a1ceec0e17b4273c42116886