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Visual recognition of paper analytical device images for detection of falsified pharmaceuticals
- Source :
- WACV
- Publication Year :
- 2016
- Publisher :
- IEEE, 2016.
-
Abstract
- Falsification of medicines is a big problem in many developing countries, where technological infrastructure is inadequate to detect these harmful products. We have developed a set of inexpensive paper cards, called Paper Analytical Devices (PADs), which can efficiently classify drugs based on their chemical composition, as a potential solution to the problem. These cards have different reagents embedded in them which produce a set of distinctive color descriptors upon reacting with the chemical compounds that constitute pharmaceutical dosage forms. If a falsified version of the medicine lacks the active ingredient or includes substitute fillers, the difference in color is perceivable by humans. However, reading the cards with accuracy takes training and practice, which may hamper their scaling and implementation in low resource settings. To deal with this, we have developed an automatic visual recognition system to read the results from the PAD images. At first, the optimal set of reagents was found by running singular value decomposition on the intensity values of the color tones in the card images. A dataset of cards embedded with these reagents is produced to generate the most distinctive results for a set of 26 different active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs) and excipients. Then, we train two popular convolutional neural network (CNN) models, with the card images. We also extract some "hand-crafted" features from the images and train a nearest neighbor classifier and a non-linear support vector machine with them. On testing, higher-level features performed much better in accurately classifying the PAD images, with the CNN models reaching the highest average accuracy of over 94\%.<br />Comment: in Proc. IEEE Winter Conference on Applications of Computer Vision (WACV), 2016
- Subjects :
- FOS: Computer and information sciences
Computer science
business.industry
Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (cs.CV)
Reading (computer)
Feature extraction
Computer Science - Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition
02 engineering and technology
010501 environmental sciences
01 natural sciences
Convolutional neural network
Visualization
Set (abstract data type)
Visual recognition
Support vector machine
Singular value decomposition
0202 electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering
020201 artificial intelligence & image processing
Computer vision
Artificial intelligence
business
0105 earth and related environmental sciences
Subjects
Details
- Database :
- OpenAIRE
- Journal :
- 2016 IEEE Winter Conference on Applications of Computer Vision (WACV)
- Accession number :
- edsair.doi.dedup.....41df6e61a778575dce9704d0b2779958