No sign of proliferative retinopathy in 15 patients with permanent neonatal diabetes with a median diabetes duration of 24 years

The knowledge about the long-term consequences of diabetes with onset in the neonatal period is scanty. We investigated the impact of long-standing diabetes (>15 years) on the retina of 10 patients with permanent neonatal diabetes mellitus (PNDM) (diabetes diagnosis within 6 months of birth) associated with mutations of GCK , KCNJ11 , INS , or ABCC8 genes and of two parents carrying an INS gene mutation diagnosed with diabetes in their childhood (1,2) (Table 1, patients 1–12). Eye complications were also evaluated in three patients with diabetes onset within 1 year of age and negative for type 1A diabetes autoantibodies (2) (Table 1, patients 13–15). View this table: Table 1 Clinical and genetic features of PNDM patients with a median diabetes duration of 24 years The mean age at diagnosis of diabetes of patients with …