Influence of ApoE Genotype and Clock T3111C Interaction with Cardiovascular Risk Factors on the Progression to Alzheimer’s Disease in Subjective Cognitive Decline and Mild Cognitive Impairment Patients

Background: Some genes could interact with cardiovascular risk factors in the development of Alzheimer&rsquo
s disease. We aimed to evaluate the interaction between ApoE &epsilon
4 status, Clock T3111C and Per2 C111G polymorphisms with cardiovascular profile in Subjective Cognitive Decline (SCD) and Mild Cognitive Impairment (MCI). Methods: We included 68 patients who underwent clinical evaluation
neuropsychological assessment
ApoE, Clock and Per2 genotyping at baseline
and neuropsychological follow-up every 12&ndash
24 months for a mean of 13 years. We considered subjects who developed AD and non-converters. Results: Clock T3111C was detected in 47% of cases, Per2 C111G in 19% of cases. ApoE &epsilon
4 carriers presented higher risk of heart disease
Clock C-carriers were more frequently smokers than non C-carriers. During the follow-up, 17 patients progressed to AD. Age at baseline, ApoE &epsilon
4 and dyslipidemia increased the risk of conversion to AD. ApoE &epsilon
4 carriers with history of dyslipidemia showed higher risk to convert to AD compared to ApoE &epsilon
4&minus
groups and ApoE &epsilon
4+ without dyslipidemia patients. Clock C-carriers with history of blood hypertension had a higher risk of conversion to AD. Conclusions: ApoE and Clock T3111C seem to interact with cardiovascular risk factors in SCD and MCI patients influencing the progression to AD.