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Evaluating Apple Inc Mobility Trend Data Related to the COVID-19 Outbreak in Japan: Statistical Analysis
- Source :
- JMIR Public Health and Surveillance, Vol 7, Iss 2, p e20335 (2021), JMIR Public Health and Surveillance
- Publication Year :
- 2021
- Publisher :
- JMIR Publications, 2021.
-
Abstract
- Background In Japan, as a countermeasure against the COVID-19 outbreak, both the national and local governments issued voluntary restrictions against going out from residences at the end of March 2020 in preference to the lockdowns instituted in European and North American countries. The effect of such measures can be studied with mobility data, such as data which is generated by counting the number of requests made to Apple Maps for directions in select countries/regions, sub-regions, and cities. Objective We investigate the associations of mobility data provided by Apple Inc and an estimate an an effective reproduction number R(t). Methods We regressed R(t) on a polynomial function of daily Apple data, estimated using the whole period, and analyzed subperiods delimited by March 10, 2020. Results In the estimation results, R(t) was 1.72 when voluntary restrictions against going out ceased and mobility reverted to a normal level. However, the critical level of reducing R(t) to Conclusions We demonstrated that Apple mobility data are useful for short-term prediction of R(t). The results indicate that the number of trips should decrease by 10% until herd immunity is achieved and that higher voluntary restrictions against going out might not be necessary for avoiding a re-emergence of the outbreak.
- Subjects :
- 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences
Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19)
Basic Reproduction Number
Health Informatics
01 natural sciences
Disease Outbreaks
Herd immunity
effective reproduction number
03 medical and health sciences
0302 clinical medicine
Japan
Statistics
Humans
Public Health Surveillance
Statistical analysis
030212 general & internal medicine
0105 earth and related environmental sciences
Estimation
Original Paper
Apple
Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health
COVID-19
Reproducibility of Results
Outbreak
Normal level
peak
mobility trend data
Critical level
Geography
Data Interpretation, Statistical
TRIPS architecture
Public aspects of medicine
RA1-1270
countermeasure
Cell Phone
Subjects
Details
- Language :
- English
- ISSN :
- 23692960
- Volume :
- 7
- Issue :
- 2
- Database :
- OpenAIRE
- Journal :
- JMIR Public Health and Surveillance
- Accession number :
- edsair.doi.dedup.....43355f77fec5afa4f146531ebcb46a8d