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Human Endogenous Retrovirus K (HML-2) in Health and Disease
- Source :
- Frontiers in Microbiology, Frontiers in Microbiology, Vol 11 (2020)
- Publication Year :
- 2020
- Publisher :
- Frontiers Media S.A., 2020.
-
Abstract
- Human endogenous retroviruses (HERVs) are derived from exogenous retrovirus infections in the evolution of primates and account for about 8% of the human genome. They were considered as silent passengers within our genomes for a long time, however, reactivation of HERVs has been associated with tumors and autoimmune diseases, especially the HERV-K (HML-2) family, the most recent integration groups with the least number of mutations and the most biologically active to encode functional retroviral proteins and produce retrovirus-like particles. Increasing studies are committed to determining the potential role of HERV-K (HML-2) in pathogenicity. Although there is still no evidence for HERV-K (HML-2) as a direct cause of diseases, aberrant expression profiles of the HERV-K (HML-2) transcripts and their regulatory function to their proximal host-genes were identified in different diseases. In this review, we summarized the advances between HERV-K (HML-2) and diseases to provide basis for further studies on the causal relationship between HERV-K (HML-2) and diseases. We recommended more attention to polymorphic integrated HERV-K (HML-2) loci which could be genetic causative factors and be associated with inter-individual differences in tumorigenesis and autoimmune diseases.
- Subjects :
- Microbiology (medical)
viruses
LTR
lcsh:QR1-502
Disease
Review
Biology
medicine.disease_cause
ENCODE
Genome
Microbiology
lcsh:Microbiology
diseases
03 medical and health sciences
medicine
Human endogenous retrovirus K
030304 developmental biology
Genetics
0303 health sciences
030306 microbiology
polymorphic integration
Pathogenicity
viral proteins
embryonic structures
Human genome
Carcinogenesis
HERV-K (HML-2)
Function (biology)
Subjects
Details
- Language :
- English
- ISSN :
- 1664302X
- Volume :
- 11
- Database :
- OpenAIRE
- Journal :
- Frontiers in Microbiology
- Accession number :
- edsair.doi.dedup.....43d8c5f1522eb8983a8e2a3990c950a4