Plant-derived polyphenols regulate expression of miRNA paralogs miR-103/107 and miR-122 and prevent diet-induced fatty liver disease in hyperlipidemic mice

Background MicroRNAs have the potential for clinical application. Probable modulation by plant-derived polyphenols might open preventive measures using simple dietary recommendations. Methods We assessed the ability of continuous administration of high-dose polyphenols to modulate hepatic metabolism and microRNA expression in diet-induced fatty liver disease in commercially available hyperlipidemic mice using well-established and accepted procedures that included the development of new antibodies against modified quercetin. Results Weight gain, liver steatosis, changes in the composition of liver tissue, and insulin resistance were all attenuated by the continuous administration of polyphenols. We also demonstrated that metabolites of polyphenols accumulate in immune cells and at the surface of hepatic lipid droplets indicating not only bioavailability but a direct likely action on liver cells. The addition of polyphenols also resulted in changes in the expression of miR-103, miR-107 and miR-122. Conclusions Polyphenols prevent fatty liver disease under these conditions. The differential expression of mRNAs and miRNAs was also associated with changes in lipid and glucose metabolism and with the activation of 5′-adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase, effects that are not necessarily connected. miRNAs function via different mechanisms and miRNA–mRNA interactions are difficult to ascertain with current knowledge. Further, cell models usually elicit contradictory results with those obtained in animal models. General significance Our data indicate that plant-derived polyphenols should be tested in humans as preventive rather than therapeutic agents in the regulation of hepatic fatty acid utilization. A multi-faceted mechanism of action is likely and the regulation of liver miRNA expression blaze new trails in further research.