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A computational study of the aerodynamics and forewing-hindwing interaction of a model dragonfly in forward flight
- Source :
- Journal of Experimental Biology. 208:3785-3804
- Publication Year :
- 2005
- Publisher :
- The Company of Biologists, 2005.
-
Abstract
- SUMMARYThe aerodynamics and forewing-hindwing interaction of a model dragonfly in forward flight are studied, using the method of numerically solving the Navier-Stokes equations. Available morphological and stroke-kinematic parameters of dragonfly (Aeshna juncea) are used for the model dragonfly. Six advance ratios (J; ranging from 0 to 0.75) and, at each J, four forewing-hindwing phase angle differences(γd; 180°, 90°, 60° and 0°) are considered. The mean vertical force and thrust are made to balance the weight and body-drag, respectively, by adjusting the angles of attack of the wings, so that the flight could better approximate the real flight.At hovering and low J (J=0, 0.15), the model dragonfly uses separated flows or leading-edge vortices (LEV) on both the fore- and hindwing downstrokes; at medium J (J=0.30, 0.45), it uses the LEV on the forewing downstroke and attached flow on the hindwing downstroke; at high J (J=0.6, 0.75), it uses attached flows on both fore- and hindwing downstrokes. (The upstrokes are very lightly loaded and, in general, the flows are attached.)At a given J, at γd=180°, there are two vertical force peaks in a cycle, one in the first half of the cycle, produced mainly by the hindwing downstroke, and the other in the second half of the cycle, produced mainly by the forewing downstroke; atγ d=90°, 60° and 0°, the two force peaks merge into one peak. The vertical force is close to the resultant aerodynamic force[because the thrust (or body-drag) is much smaller than vertical force (or the weight)]. 55-65% of the vertical force is contributed by the drag of the wings.The forewing-hindwing interaction is detrimental to the vertical force (and resultant force) generation. At hovering, the interaction reduces the mean vertical force (and resultant force) by 8-15%, compared with that without interaction; as J increases, the reduction generally decreases (e.g. at J=0.6 and γd=90°, it becomes 1.6%). A possible reason for the detrimental interaction is as follows: each of the wings produces a mean vertical force coefficient close to half that needed for weight support, and a downward flow is generated in producing the vertical force; thus, in general, a wing moves in the downwash-velocity field induced by the other wing, reducing its aerodynamic forces.
- Subjects :
- Models, Anatomic
Insecta
Time Factors
Physiology
Thrust
Geometry
Aquatic Science
Animals
Wings, Animal
Molecular Biology
Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics
Physics
Wing
biology
Aerodynamics
Models, Theoretical
Dragonfly
biology.organism_classification
Biomechanical Phenomena
Vortex
Aerodynamic force
Classical mechanics
Drag
Flight, Animal
Insect Science
Animal Science and Zoology
Resultant force
Subjects
Details
- ISSN :
- 14779145 and 00220949
- Volume :
- 208
- Database :
- OpenAIRE
- Journal :
- Journal of Experimental Biology
- Accession number :
- edsair.doi.dedup.....4481071141056d32152b3e11332167ee