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Metabolic Spectrum of Liver Failure in Type 2 Diabetes and Obesity: From NAFLD to NASH to HCC
- Source :
- International Journal of Molecular Sciences, Vol 22, Iss 4495, p 4495 (2021), International Journal of Molecular Sciences
- Publication Year :
- 2021
- Publisher :
- MDPI AG, 2021.
-
Abstract
- Liver disease is the spectrum of liver damage ranging from simple steatosis called as nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) to hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Clinically, NAFLD and type 2 diabetes coexist. Type 2 diabetes contributes to biological processes driving the severity of NAFLD, the primary cause for development of chronic liver diseases. In the last 20 years, the rate of non-viral NAFLD/NASH-derived HCC has been increasing rapidly. As there are currently no suitable drugs for treatment of NAFLD and NASH, a class of thiazolidinediones (TZDs) drugs for the treatment of type 2 diabetes is sometimes used to improve liver failure despite the risk of side effects. Therefore, diagnosis, prevention, and treatment of the development and progression of NAFLD and NASH are important issues. In this review, we will discuss the pathogenesis of NAFLD/NASH and NAFLD/NASH-derived HCC and the current promising pharmacological therapies of NAFLD/NASH. Further, we will provide insights into “adipose-derived adipokines” and “liver-derived hepatokines” as diagnostic and therapeutic targets from NAFLD to HCC.
- Subjects :
- Liver Cirrhosis
0301 basic medicine
obesity
Review
Type 2 diabetes
Gastroenterology
hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC)
Liver disease
0302 clinical medicine
Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease
Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease
Biology (General)
adipokines
Spectroscopy
Metabolic Syndrome
hepatokines
Liver Neoplasms
General Medicine
Computer Science Applications
Chemistry
Liver
Hepatocellular carcinoma
Disease Progression
030211 gastroenterology & hepatology
type 2 diabetes
medicine.medical_specialty
Carcinoma, Hepatocellular
QH301-705.5
non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH)
Adipokine
digestive system
Catalysis
Inorganic Chemistry
03 medical and health sciences
Internal medicine
medicine
Humans
Liver damage
Physical and Theoretical Chemistry
QD1-999
Molecular Biology
business.industry
Organic Chemistry
Liver failure
nutritional and metabolic diseases
medicine.disease
Obesity
digestive system diseases
non-alcholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD)
030104 developmental biology
Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2
business
Liver Failure
Subjects
Details
- ISSN :
- 14220067
- Volume :
- 22
- Database :
- OpenAIRE
- Journal :
- International Journal of Molecular Sciences
- Accession number :
- edsair.doi.dedup.....455decd0410826b372a045ce0db17a3d
- Full Text :
- https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms22094495