Clin Infect Dis

Background Cancers are a major source of morbidity and mortality for HIV-positive persons on combination antiretroviral therapy, while the clinical benefits of smoking cessation are not well established. Methods Participants were followed from 1 January 2004 until first cancer diagnosis, death, or 1 February 2016. Smoking status was defined as ex ( 5 years since stopping), current, and never smokers. Outcomes considered were any cancer, lung cancer, other smoking-related excluding lung and smoking-unrelated cancers. Adjusted incidence rate ratios (aIRR) were calculated using Poisson regression, adjusting for demographic and clinical factors. Results 35442 persons from the D:A:D study contributed 309803 person years of follow-up. At baseline, 49% of people were current smokers, 21% were ex-smokers, 30% had never smoked. Incidence of all cancers combined (N=2183) was highest