Caracterización sociodemográfica y clínica de pacientes con enfermedad renal crónica en condición de pluripatología y sus cuidadores

espanolIntroduccion: Los pacientes con Enfermedad Renal Cronica en condicion de pluripatologia presentan deterioro funcional progresivo, vulnerabilidad clinica, polifarmacia, disminucion de calidad de vida, impacto psicosocial y alto costo para la persona y familia. Enfermeria debe conocer las caracteristicas clinicas y sociodemograficas para identificar las necesidades. Objetivo: Establecer a traves de una valoracion multidimensional las condiciones sociodemograficas y clinicas de pacientes pluripatologicos con enfermedad renal cronica y sus cuidadores familiares. Material y Metodo: Estudio descriptivo de corte transversal, participaron 97 personas con enfermead renal cronica en situacion de pluripatologia y sus cuidadores familiares, afiliados a dos aseguradoras de Bogota, Colombia. Se realizo valoracion multidimensional al paciente y cuidador con instrumentos validados. Analisis descriptivo, se utilizo STATA version 13. Resultados: El 52,6% fueron mujeres mayores de 80 anos, 48% estaban casados, todos cursaron primaria completa. Adicional a enfermedad renal, el 43,3%. presenta tres enfermedades asociadas. El 36,08% reporto independencia total en Actividades Basicas de la Vida Diaria. El 38% presenta riesgo social medio y problematico, y mayor alteracion de calidad de vida. Los principales cuidadores son hijos, seguidos de conyuges. Conclusion: La mayoria de pacientes con ERC en condicion de pluripatologia presentan tres enfermedades cronicas asociadas, EPOC, cardiopatias y enfermedades mentales. Los resultados reflejan complejidad clinica y psicosocial asociada especialmente a niveles de dependencia funcional y riesgo social. Las dimensiones de calidad de vida mas afectadas son funcion fisica y rol fisico. Los cuidadores familiares principalmente son los hijos, la sobrecarga intensa es baja y la adopcion del rol cuidador es adecuada. EnglishIntroduction: Comorbid patients with Chronic Kidney Disease present progressive functional deterioration, clinical vulnerability, polypharmacy, diminished quality of life, psychosocial impact and high cost for the person and their family. Nursing must know the clinical and sociodemographic characteristics to identify patient’s needs. Objective: To establish through a multidimensional assessment the sociodemographic and clinical conditions of multiple pathological patients with chronic kidney disease and their family caregivers. Material and Method: Descriptive cross-sectional study, involving 97 people with chronic kidney disease in a situation of multiple pathologies and their family caregivers, attending in two centers in Bogota, Colombia. A multidimensional assessment was performed on the patient and caregiver with validated instruments. For the descriptive analysis, STATA version 13 was used. Results: 52.6% were women over 80 years old, 48% were married, all of them completed primary school. In addition to kidney disease, 43.3%. has three associated diseases. 36.08% reported total independence in Basic Activities of Daily Living. 38% present a medium and problematic social risk, and a severe alteration in the quality of life. The main caregivers were children, followed by spouses.Conclusion: Many comorbid patients with chronic kidney disease present three associated chronic diseases, COPD, heart disease and mental illnesses. The results reflect clinical and psychosocial complexity associated especially with levels of functional dependence and social risk. The most affected quality of life dimensions are physical function and physical role. Family caregivers are mainly children, with a low burden is low and the adoption of the caregiver role is adequate.