A ocupação humana antiga (11-7 mil anos atrás) do Planalto Meridional Brasileiro: caracterização geomorfológica, geológica, paleoambiental e tecnológica de sítios arqueológicos relacionados a três distintas indústrias líticas

Com o objetivo de ponderar conexoes entre quadros naturais e a ocupacao humana pre-colonial, caracterizou-se os artefatos e a contextualizacao geomorfologica e ambiental de quatro sitios liticos vinculados a antigos registros de grupos cacadores-coletores do sul e sudeste do Brasil, associados a tres distintas industrias liticas. Elencou-se associacao dos sitios com terrenos de baixos declives e altimetrias em seus respectivos contextos (terrenos mais estaveis para fixacao humana), adjacentes a corregos e proximos de faixas do terreno que registram maiores inclinacoes e desniveis verticais, mais propensas a apresentarem afloramentos rochosos (fontes potenciais de materias-primas para a confeccao de ferramentas lascadas). Elencou-se fontes de materias-primas nos entornos de cada sitio e as materias-primas associadas aos artefatos, e ponderou-se a correlacao entre os dois conjuntos de dados. Analisou-se a relacao dos padroes tecnologicos de artefatos liticos com a caracterizacao petrografica das materias-primas, verificando-se quais silcretes semelhantes foram usadas para producao de artefatos distintos. Ainda, verificou-se que alguns dos produtos liticos de um dos sitios analisados mostram padroes tecnologicos semelhantes, mesmo quando obtidos a partir de silcretes distintos. Caracterizou-se ausencia de variacao significativa dos atributos tecnologicos dos artefatos registrados em diferentes posicionamentos verticais nos perfis das unidades de escavacao nas quais foram registrados, mesmo quando mostram-se associados a registros paleoambientais distintos (alternâncias entre climas mais secos que os atuais e condicoes caracterizadas por incrementos de umidade no intervalo de 11 a 7 mil anos atras). Palavras chave: sitios arqueologicos liticos; Holoceno Inicial, paleoclimas, amerindios, geoarqueologia The ancient human occupation (11-7 thousand years ago) of the Southern Brazilian Plateau: geomorphological, geological, paleoenvironmental and technological characterization of archaeological sites related to three distinct lithic industries A B S T R A C T In order to discuss connections between the natural landscapes and pre-colonial human occupation, were characterized the artifacts and the geomorphological and environmental contextualization of four lithic sites linked to ancient records of hunter-gatherer groups from the south and southeast of Brazil, associated with three distinct lithic industries. The association of sites with low slopes and altimetry in their respective contexts (more stable terrains for human settlement), adjacent to rivers and close to terrains that register greater inclinations and vertical unevenness, more likely to present rocky outcrops (potential sources of raw materials for making chipped tools) was listed. Were characterized sources of raw materials in the surroundings of each site, the raw materials associated with the artifacts, and the correlation between the two data sets was considered. The relationship between the technological standards of lithic artifacts and the petrographic characterization of the raw materials was analyzed, verifying which similar raw materials were used to produce different artifacts. Also, it was found that some of the lithic products from one of the analyzed sites show similar technological patterns, even when obtained from different raw materials. There was a lack of significant variation in the technological attributes of the artifacts recorded in different vertical positions in the profiles of the excavation units in which they were recorded, even when they are associated with different paleoenvironmental records (alternations between drier climates than current and others characterized by increments in the moisture between 11 to 7 thousand years ago). Keywords: lithic archaeological sites; Initial Holocene, paleoclimates, amerindians, geoarchaeology