A polypyrrole-mediated photothermal biosensor with a temperature and pressure dual readout for the detection of protein biomarkers

Photothermal biosensors with advantages of speed and high sensitivity offer alternative and reliable solutions for real-time clinical diagnosis, food safety testing and environmental monitoring. Although metallic nanoparticles are usually used for photothermal biosensors, their poor photothermal stability and potential toxicity hinder clinical applications. Taking advantage of the low cytotoxicity and remarkable photothermal effect under the low laser power of polypyrrole-based organic nanoparticles, we developed a novel photothermal biosensor with a temperature and pressure dual readout. After the formation of immunoassay sandwich structures, polypyrrole as the photothermal agent is synthesized