Bethylus Latreille 1802

Bethylus Latreille, 1802 Bethylus Latreille, 1802: 315. Type species: Omalus fuscicornis Jurine, 1807. Anoxus Thomson, 1862: 452. Type species: Anoxus boops Thomson, 1862. Synonymy by Polaszek & Krombein 1994. Anoxys Dalla Torre, 1898. Unjustified emendation to Anoxus by Dalla Torre (1898, 5: 550) Perisemus Förster, 1856: 95-96. Type species: Bethylus triareolatus Förster, 1856. Synonymy by Kieffer 1905 (in Kieffer & Marshall 1904 –1906). Episemus Thompson, 1862: 452. Type species: Epysemus variabilis Thompson, 1862 [1861]. Synonymy by Richards 1939. Digoniozus Kieffer, 1905. Type species: Perisemus oregonensis Ashmead, 1893. Synonymy by Evans 1962. Diagnosis. Clypeus short, usually not strongly angulated medially; antenna with 10 flagellomeres; notauli absent; parapsidal signum usually present; lateral marginal carina of metapectal-propodeal disc present; metapostnotal median carina and metapostnotal lateral carina absent; prestigma of forewing absent; Rs+M 2 v usually short as stub; second radial 1 cell of forewing (2R1 2 c) open apically; posterior margin of hypopygium bilobate; paramere of male genitalia distinctly divided into two parts, ventral and dorsal arms. Biology. Most of the host records known of Bethylus species are lepidopterous larvae, e.g., Agonoxenidae, Tortricidae, Zygaenidae, Cosmopterigidae, Coleophoridae, and Gelechiidae (Evans 1964; Richards 1939). Richards (1939) reported that Bethylus amoenus Fouts, 1928 attacks the larvae of both Lepidoptera and Coleoptera. Distribution. Palaearctic, Nearctic and Oriental Regions. Key to the Chinese Bethylus species 1. Median clypeal lobe with apex rounded................................................................... 2 - Median clypeal lobe with apex truncate................................................................... 7 2. Frontal angle of ocellar triangle obtuse (Fig. 3b)............................................ B. gansensis sp. nov. - Frontal angle of ocellar triangle acute (Fig. 1b)............................................................. 3 3. LH at least 1.24 × width; POL at least 3.80 × DAO.......................................................... 4 - LH less than 1.20 × width; POL less than 3.20 × DAO....................................................... 5 4. Eye distinctly protuberant (Fig. 1b); median clypeal lobe long; median clypeal carina rounded in lateral view (Fig. 1e)........................................................................................ B. convexus sp. nov. - Eye not distinctly protuberant (Fig. 10b); median clypeal lobe short; median clypeal carina almost arched in right angle in lateral view (Fig. 10e)................................................... B. sinensis Xu, He & Terayama, 2002 5. Distance of posterior ocellus to vertex crest more than 2.80 × DAO; median clypeal lobe slightly protuberant (Fig. 4b)................................................................................... B. glabricarinatus sp. nov. - Distance of posterior ocellus to vertex crest less than 1.50 × DAO; median clypeal lobe distinctly protuberant (Fig. 6b).... 6 6. Head thickened in lateral view (Fig. 2e); median clypeal carina distinctly protuberant in lateral view (Fig. 2e)............................................................................................ B. crassicapitis sp. nov. - Head not thickened in lateral view (Fig. 6e); median clypeal carina incurved in lateral view (Fig. 6e)... B. incurvus sp. nov. 7. DPV more than 2.40 × DAO....................................................... B. quadraticapitis sp. nov. - DPV less than 1.50 × DAO............................................................................. 8 8. Apex of cuspis narrow (Fig. 5k)....................................................... B. hunanensis sp. nov. - Apex of cuspis rounded (Fig. 8k)........................................................................ 9 9. Median depression of hypopygium broad (Fig. 8i); apical margin of cuspis strongly echinate.......... B. prolatus sp. nov. - Median depression of hypopygium narrow and deep (Fig. 7h); apical margin of cuspis not echinate (Fig. 7j)................................................................................................. B. ningxicus sp. nov.
Published as part of Wang, Chung-Hong, He, Jun-Hua & Chen, Xue-Xin, 2021, Taxonomy of Bethylus (Hymenoptera, Bethylidae) from China with description of nine new species, pp. 361-382 in Zootaxa 4974 (2) on pages 362-363, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4974.2.6, http://zenodo.org/record/4775728
{"references":["Latreille, P. A. (1802) Histoire naturelle, genera et particuliere des Crustaces et des insects. Vol. 3. Dufort, Paris, 348 pp.","Jurine, L. (1807) Nouvelle methode de classer les hymenopteres et les dipteres. J. J. Paschaud, Geneva, 319 pp. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 60886","Thomson, C. G. (1862 [1861]) Sveriges Proctotruper (Fortsattning). Svenska Vetenskapsakademien. Stockholm. Ofversigt at K. Akademiens. Forhandlingar, 18, 451 - 453.","Polaszek, A. & Krombein, K. V. (1994) The genera of Bethylinae (Hymenoptera: Bethylidae). Journal of Hymenoptera Research, 3, 91 - 105.","Dalla Torre, C. G. D. (1898) Catalogus Hymenopterorum hucusque descriptorum systematicus et synonymicus. Chalcididae et Proctotrupidae. Vol. 5. Suptibus Gulleimi Engelmann, Lipsiae, 598 pp.","Forster, A. (1856) Hymenopterologische Studien II: Chalcidiae und Proctotrupii. Vol. 2. Ernst ter Meer, Aachen, 152 pp.","Kieffer, J. J. & Marshall, T. A. (1904 - 1906) Proctotrypides. In: Andre, E. (Ed.), Species des Hymenopteres d'Europe & d'Algerie. Tome IX. Librairie Scientifique A. Herman, Paris, pp. 1 - 55, 21 pls.","Richards, O. W. (1939). The British Bethylidae (S. L.) (Hymenoptera). Ecological Entomology, 89 (8), 185 - 344. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1365 - 2311.1939. tb 00740. x","Ashmead, W. H. (1893) A monograph of the North American Proctotrypidae. Bulletin of the United States National Museum, 45, 1 - 472. https: // doi. org / 10.5479 / si. 03629236.45.1","Evans, H. E. (1962) The genus Bethylus in North America (Hymenoptera: Bethylidae). Breviora, 150, 1 - 12.","Evans, H. E. (1964) A synopsis of the American Bethylidae (Hymenoptera, Aculeata). Bulletin of the Museum of Comparative Zoology, 132 (1), 1 - 222.","Fouts, R. M. (1928) Notes on the Bethylinae with descriptions of one new Cuban and twelve new North American species (Hym.). Proceedings of the Entomological Society of Washington, 30, 121 - 132.","Xu, Z., He, J. & Terayama, M. (2002) The genus Bethylus Latreille, 1802 from China with description of a new species. Acta Entomologica Sinica, 45, 112 - 114."]}