High-resolution structural study of Bi on Si(001)

X-ray standing-wave measurements, along with first-principles local-density molecular-cluster calculations, have determined the Bi-dimer orientation, location, and bond length for the Si(001)-(1{times}2):Bi surface. The results for Bi directly scale with the covalent radii and with adsorption characteristics of other group-V elements (As and Sb) on Si(001).