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Measuring the tilt and slant of Chinese handwriting in primary school students: A computerized approach
- Source :
- PLoS ONE, PLoS ONE, Vol 14, Iss 11, p e0223485 (2019)
- Publication Year :
- 2019
- Publisher :
- Public Library of Science (PLoS), 2019.
-
Abstract
- Background"Horizontal strokes should be level and vertical strokes should be straight" is a common guideline in the teaching of Chinese handwriting. Measuring deviations in level horizontal and straight vertical strokes in students' Chinese handwriting is usually assessed manually. However, this task is time-consuming and may have inconsistent outcomes when judged by different people. In this paper, we aim to formulate a method to automatically evaluate the tilt and slant degrees of students' Chinese handwriting using digital handwriting tablets. Furthermore, we analyze the relationship between the tilt and slant features of students' Chinese handwriting and other demographic and handwriting features.MethodsFive hundred and ninety-one primary school students from grades 1 to 6 were recruited in Hong Kong. Before the assessment, a grid paper was attached to a digital handwriting tablet. The participants were then asked to copy 90 Chinese characters from a template to the grid paper. Their handwriting processes were recorded as two-dimensional points and then analyzed. The tilt and slant of the students' handwriting were calculated based on the inclination level of their horizontal and vertical strokes. Linear regressions between slant/tilt degree of the manuscripts and other handwriting features were performed. The students' demographic information was also explored.ResultsSlant was found to be significantly correlated to Gender (p < 0.001) and tilt×standard deviation of pen pressure (p < 0.001). Tilt was found to be significantly correlated to ground time (p < 0.001), slant (p < 0.001) and slant×special education need (p = 0.021).ConclusionsOur results demonstrate the relationship between slant, tilt and Chinese handwriting performance in primary school children. Slant and tilt can be adopted as an indicator in students' special education need diagnosis, as tilt level in the students' Chinese handwriting was related to ground time and slant× special education need, while slant is related to tilt×standard deviation of pen pressure and female students. These findings may also inspire ways to increase special education need students' writing speed.
- Subjects :
- Male
Handwriting
030506 rehabilitation
Social Sciences
02 engineering and technology
Special education
Vascular Medicine
Geographical locations
Families
Mathematical and Statistical Techniques
Learning and Memory
Sociology
Medicine and Health Sciences
0202 electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering
Psychology
Ethnicities
Child
Musculoskeletal System
Children
Schools
Multidisciplinary
Statistics
Wrist
Stroke
Arms
Tilt (optics)
Neurology
Motor Skills
Physical Sciences
Medicine
Hong Kong
Regression Analysis
Female
020201 artificial intelligence & image processing
Anatomy
0305 other medical science
Research Article
Asia
Horizontal and vertical
Science
Cerebrovascular Diseases
Linear Regression Analysis
Research and Analysis Methods
Education
Human Learning
03 medical and health sciences
Asian People
Mathematics education
Humans
Learning
Statistical Methods
Students
Female students
Computers
Cognitive Psychology
Biology and Life Sciences
Age Groups
Body Limbs
People and Places
Cognitive Science
Population Groupings
Chinese characters
Chinese People
Psychomotor Performance
Mathematics
Neuroscience
Subjects
Details
- ISSN :
- 19326203
- Volume :
- 14
- Database :
- OpenAIRE
- Journal :
- PLOS ONE
- Accession number :
- edsair.doi.dedup.....4f58d90157ddc69f04523e1ee0674611