Real-life characteristics and outcomes of patients who undergo percutaneous coronary intervention versus coronary artery bypass grafting for left main coronary artery disease: data from the prospective Multi-vessel Coronary Artery Disease (MULTICAD) Israeli Registry†

Left main coronary artery involvement in patients with multivessel coronary artery disease provides a poor prognosis. Although the main strategy for revascularization is by coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG), percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) is being used with increased frequency.This prospective, 3-year follow-up study included 1063 consecutive patients with multivessel coronary artery disease enrolled between January and April 2013 from all 22 hospitals in Israel that perform coronary angiography and PCI.Of the 1063 patients, 252 (24%) had left main coronary artery disease. Of them, 27% were treated by PCI and 73% by CABG. Factors associated with referral for PCI included older age [odds ratio (OR) 1.04; P = 0.021], renal impairment (OR 3.52; P = 0.006), prior PCI (OR 2.23; P = 0.041) and lower SYNTAX score (OR 1.05; P = 0.004). Kaplan-Meier survival analysis showed that after 3 years, all-cause mortality among left main coronary artery disease patients was significantly higher among those who underwent PCI versus CABG (26.9% vs 8.7%; P 0.001). Multivariable analysis showed that PCI was associated with a2-fold increased hazard for mortality compared with surgical revascularization (hazard ratio 2.13, 95% confidence interval 1.05-4.31; P = 0.036).In real-life practice, clinical factors and a lower SYNTAX score affect the decision to perform PCI in left main coronary artery disease patients. Our findings suggest that CABG is associated with improved long-term survival compared to PCI in patients with left main coronary artery disease after adjustment for those factors.