A soft X-ray (80-1500 eV) grazing-incidence monochromator with varied-line-spacing plane gratings at PF-BL-11A

The design and performance of a new soft X-ray beamline BL-11A at the Photon Factory (PF) are presented. A Hettrick-type grazing-incidence monochromator equipped with three varied-line-spacing plane gratings was designed and constructed at a bending-magnet source of the PF 2.5 GeV storage ring. An 800 lines mm−1 laminar grating produced by aspheric-wavefront holographic recording optics, as well as a mechanically ruled blazed one, were tested. A resolving power of more than 4500 was achieved at 400 eV with either grating, and ∼1010 photons s−1 are available at a resolving power of 2000. High photon flux enables low-concentration samples, such as surface adsorbates, to be studied. A simple scanning mechanism for a wide energy range is quite useful for EXAFS measurements on light elements such as C, N and O.