Prevalence and correlates of malnutrition among children in rural minority areas of China

Background: Child growth retardation and malnutrition remain a matter of uttermost public concern in economically disadvantaged areas of China. The present study aimed to estimate the prevalence of protein–energy malnutrition with various anthropometric indices and examine its correlates in a large sample of poor rural minority children. Methods: A total of 2019 children under 7 years of age belonging to the Hani, Yi, Hui, Miao ethnic minority groups and the Han major group were drawn from four poor rural minority counties in the Yunnan Province of China. Well-trained investigators completed child physical measurements and maternal interviews. Protein–energy malnutrition was defined as being underweight (weight for age), wasting (weight for height) and stunting (height for age) on the basis of reference data from the National Center of Health Statistics (NCHS)/World Health Organization (WHO). Results: The respective prevalence of moderate and severe protein–energy malnutrition was 15.8 and 3.1% for underweight children, 31.8 and 19.2% for stunting and 0.9 and 0.5% for wasting. Stunting was most common in children aged 2 years. Boys were more likely to suffer from malnutrition. Logistic regression analyses showed that lower family income, lower parental height, belonging to the Miao, Yi and Hani ethnic groups compared with Han and poorer maternal child-rearing behavior significantly increased the risk for stunting of children. Conclusions: Protein–energy malnutrition is relatively high in the rural minority children of China. Chronic socioeconomic underdevelopment and genetic effects, rather than a severe or immediate lack of food, may lead to protein–energy malnutrition.