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Role of Nrf2 in Disease: Novel Molecular Mechanisms and Therapeutic Approaches – Pulmonary Disease/Asthma
- Source :
- Frontiers in Physiology, Vol 12 (2021), Frontiers in Physiology
- Publication Year :
- 2021
- Publisher :
- Frontiers Media S.A., 2021.
-
Abstract
- Nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) is a major transcription factor involved in redox homeostasis and in the response induced by oxidative injury. Nrf2 is present in an inactive state in the cytoplasm of cells. Its activation by internal or external stimuli, such as infections or pollution, leads to the transcription of more than 500 elements through its binding to the antioxidant response element. The lungs are particularly susceptible to factors that generate oxidative stress such as infections, allergens and hyperoxia. Nrf2 has a crucial protective role against these ROS. Oxidative stress and subsequent activation of Nrf2 have been demonstrated in many human respiratory diseases affecting the airways, including asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), or the pulmonary parenchyma such as acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) and pulmonary fibrosis. Several compounds, both naturally occurring and synthetic, have been identified as Nrf2 inducers and enhance the activation of Nrf2 and expression of Nrf2-dependent genes. These inducers have proven particularly effective at reducing the severity of the oxidative stress-driven lung injury in various animal models. In humans, these compounds offer promise as potential therapeutic strategies for the management of respiratory pathologies associated with oxidative stress but there is thus far little evidence of efficacy through human trials. The purpose of this review is to summarize the involvement of Nrf2 and its inducers in ARDS, COPD, asthma and lung fibrosis in both human and in experimental models.
- Subjects :
- ARDS
Physiology
Review
Lung injury
medicine.disease_cause
environment and public health
Nrf2
Physiology (medical)
Pulmonary fibrosis
medicine
oxidative stress
QP1-981
Asthma
Hyperoxia
COPD
business.industry
Respiratory disease
respiratory system
asthma
medicine.disease
respiratory disease
respiratory tract diseases
Nrf2–Keap1 pathway
inflammation
Immunology
molecular mechanism
medicine.symptom
business
Oxidative stress
Subjects
Details
- Language :
- English
- Volume :
- 12
- Database :
- OpenAIRE
- Journal :
- Frontiers in Physiology
- Accession number :
- edsair.doi.dedup.....5146c348a77ee49d039c0aabd66ad70d