Punctoterebra Bartsch 1923

Genus Punctoterebra Bartsch, 1923 (Fig. 8) Type species: Terebra nitida Hinds, 1844; OD. Definition: Primarily defined based on phylogenetic analysis of Modica etal. (2019), comprising species that belong to clade E2 of Modica etal. (2019) and additionally species that show shell morphology, anatomical or genetic characteristics closely comparable with Punctoterebra nitida or any genetically proven member of the clade. Diagnosis. Diagnostic nucleotide combinations are provided separatelyforthefourphylogeneticclustersof the Punctoterebra clade inferred by Modica et al. (2019) in Table 7. Shell: Elongate, small to medium-sized (< 50 mm), with high spire and predominantly axial sculpture. Protoconch paucispiral or multispiral, of varying morphology. Axial ribs strong on spire whorls, sometimes becoming obsolete on last whorl. Spiral sculpture limited to a weak punctuate groove delineating subsutural band, or well-developed and represented by regular striae in interspaces between axial ribs. Siphonal canal demarcated from shell base by distinct concavity; often slightly recurved. Anatomy: Proboscis, venom gland, radula and salivary glands typically present; radula, when present, of flat marginal teeth. Accessory proboscis structure absent. Distribution: Indo-Pacific; intertidal to upper bathyal depths (to 405 m), but typically shallow water. Remarks: With regard to shell morphology, species of this genus form three distinct groups that are consistent with three of the phylogenetic lineages inferred by Modica et al. (2019). Punctoterebra nitida group. Shell small to medium-sized (< 50 mm), polished, with subsutural band demarcated by deep punctures or short grooves; sculpture predominantly of axial ribs. The small species of the group (P. plumbea and P. solangeae) are conchologically very close to some species of Partecosta (see Remarks on the latter genus). Punctoterebra teramachii group. Shells medium-sized (< 45 mm), with dominant sculpture of orthocline axial ribs; spiral sculpture absent; subsutural band clearly defined. Species of this group are conchologically close to Duplicaria, from which they can be differentiated by the punctate subsutural groove and narrower aperture, and by radular teeth that are solid and recurved in Duplicaria, but flat (or absent) in Punctoterebra. Punctoterebra textilis group. Shell medium-sized (< 50 mm), heavily sculptured, with gently convex whorls. Sculpture of arcuate ribs; interspaces bearing distinct regular striae; subsutural band demarcated by punctuate groove of varying strength. Syphonal canal typically recurved, separated from shell base by distinct waist or deep groove. This group is rather heterogeneous in shell morphology, with its core formed by heavily sculptured species of the P. textilis – P. succincta complex. Similar heavily sculptured shells characterize typical Profunditerebra species; however, these can be distinguished by more rounded ribs, a row of nodules on the subsutural band and by straight siphonal canal. The heavily sculptured species of Terebra in the T. amanda group can be readily differentiated by their divided subsutural bands. The inferred membership of P. lineaperlata in the P. textilis group is, however, unexpected and needs further analysis. Included species: Punctoterebra arabella (Thiele, 1925) 2 n. comb.; P. baileyi (Bratcher & Cernohorsky, 1982) 1 n. comb.; P. ballina (Hedley, 1915) 2 n. comb.; P. caliginosa (Deshayes, 1859) 1 n. comb.; P. castaneofusca (Thiele, 1925) 1 n. comb.; P. contracta (E. A. Smith, 1873) 1 n. comb.; P. exiguoides (Schepman, 1913) 3 n. comb.; P. fuscotaeniata (Thiele, 1925) 2 n. comb.; P. illustris (Malcolm & Terryn, 2012) 2 n. comb.; P. isabella (Thiele, 1925) 2 n. comb.; P. japonica (E. A. Smith, 1873) 3 n. comb.; P. lineaperlata (Terryn & Holford, 2008) 1 n. comb.; P. livida (Reeve, 1860) 3 n. comb.; P. longiscata (Deshayes, 1859) 2 n. comb.; P. nitida (Hinds, 1844) 1 n. comb.; P. paucincisa (Bratcher, 1988) 3 n. comb.; P. plumbea (Quoy & Gaimard, 1833) 1 n. comb.; P. polygyrata (Deshayes, 1859) 1 n. comb.; P. rosacea (Pease, 1869) 3 n. comb.; P. roseata (Adams & Reeve, 1850) 1 ∗ n. comb.; P. solangeae (Bozzetti, 2015) 1 n. comb.; P. souleyeti (Deshayes, 1859) 1 ∗ n. comb.; P. succincta (Gmelin, 1791) 1 n. comb.; P. swainsoni (Deshayes, 1859) 2 n. comb.; P. teramachii (Burch, 1965) 1 n. comb.; P. textilis (Hinds, 1844) 1 n. comb.; P. trismacaria (Melvill, 1917) 1 n. comb.; P. turrita (E. A. Smith, 1873) 1 n. comb.; P. turschi (Bratcher, 1981) 2 n. comb.
Published as part of Fedosov, Alexander E, Malcolm, Gavin, Terryn, Yves, Gorson, Juliette, Modica, Maria Vittoria, Holford, Mandë & Puillandre, Nicolas, 2019, Phylogenetic classification of the family Terebridae (Neogastropoda: Conoidea), pp. 359-388 in Journal of Molluscan Studies The Malacological Society of London 85 (4) on pages 15-17, DOI: 10.1093/mollus/eyz004, http://zenodo.org/record/4469844
{"references":["MODICA, M. V., GORSON, J., FEDOSOV, A. E., MALCOLM, G., TERRYN, Y., PUILLANDRE, N. & HOLFORD, M. 2019. Macroevolutionary analyses suggest environmental factors, not venom apparatus, play key role in Terebridae marine snail diversification. Systematic Biology. DOI: https: // doi. org / 10.1093 / sysbio / syz 059.","TERRYN, Y. & HOLFORD, M. 2008. The Terebridae of Vanuatu with a revision of the genus Granuliterebra Oyama, 1961. Visaya, Supplement, 3: 1 - 118."]}