Nocturia, Sleep and Daytime Function in Stable Heart Failure

Background The aim of this study was to evaluate nocturia severity and nocturia-related differences in sleep, daytime symptoms and functional performance among patients with stable heart failure (HF). Methods and Results In this cross-sectional observational study, we recruited 173 patients [mean age 60.3 ± 16.8 years; female n = 60 (35%); mean left ventricular ejection fraction 32 ± 14.6%] with stable chronic HF from HF disease management programs in the northeastern United States. Participants reported nocturia and completed a 6-minute walk test (6MWT), 1 night of ambulatory polysomnography, and the SF-36 Medical Outcomes Study, Epworth Sleepiness, Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index, Multidimensional Assessment of Fatigue, and Centers for the Epidemiological Studies of Depression scales. Participants reported 0 (n = 30; 17.3%), 1–2 (n = 87; 50.2%), and ≥3 (n = 56; 32.4%) nightly episodes of nocturia. There were decreases in sleep duration and efficiency, REM and stage 3–4 sleep, physical function, and 6MWT distance and increases in the percentage of wake time after sleep onset, insomnia symptoms, fatigue, and sleepiness across levels of nocturia severity. Conclusions Nocturia is common, severe, and closely associated with decrements in sleep and functional performance and increases in fatigue and sleepiness in patients with stable HF.