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Impact of Oxidative DNA Damage and the Role of DNA Glycosylases in Neurological Dysfunction
- Source :
- International Journal of Molecular Sciences, Vol 22, Iss 12924, p 12924 (2021), International Journal of Molecular Sciences
- Publication Year :
- 2021
- Publisher :
- MDPI AG, 2021.
-
Abstract
- The human brain requires a high rate of oxygen consumption to perform intense metabolic activities, accounting for 20% of total body oxygen consumption. This high oxygen uptake results in the generation of free radicals, including reactive oxygen species (ROS), which, at physiological levels, are beneficial to the proper functioning of fundamental cellular processes. At supraphysiological levels, however, ROS and associated lesions cause detrimental effects in brain cells, commonly observed in several neurodegenerative disorders. In this review, we focus on the impact of oxidative DNA base lesions and the role of DNA glycosylase enzymes repairing these lesions on brain function and disease. Furthermore, we discuss the role of DNA base oxidation as an epigenetic mechanism involved in brain diseases, as well as potential roles of DNA glycosylases in different epigenetic contexts. We provide a detailed overview of the impact of DNA glycosylases on brain metabolism, cognition, inflammation, tissue loss and regeneration, and age-related neurodegenerative diseases based on evidence collected from animal and human models lacking these enzymes, as well as post-mortem studies on patients with neurological disorders.
- Subjects :
- DNA repair
QH301-705.5
neurological disorders
Inflammation
Oxidative phosphorylation
Review
Biology
Catalysis
Epigenesis, Genetic
Inorganic Chemistry
chemistry.chemical_compound
medicine
Animals
Humans
Regeneration
Epigenetics
Physical and Theoretical Chemistry
Biology (General)
Molecular Biology
QD1-999
Spectroscopy
chemistry.chemical_classification
Reactive oxygen species
epigenetic markers
Organic Chemistry
Brain
Neurodegenerative Diseases
General Medicine
Human brain
Computer Science Applications
Cell biology
Oxidative Stress
Chemistry
medicine.anatomical_structure
chemistry
DNA glycosylase
DNA glycosylases
Brain Injuries
oxidative DNA lesions
medicine.symptom
DNA
Subjects
Details
- Language :
- English
- ISSN :
- 16616596 and 14220067
- Volume :
- 22
- Issue :
- 12924
- Database :
- OpenAIRE
- Journal :
- International Journal of Molecular Sciences
- Accession number :
- edsair.doi.dedup.....58a768e6fac0d455d0d30d580baf368f