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Shiga Toxins: An Update on Host Factors and Biomedical Applications
- Source :
- Toxins, Vol 13, Iss 222, p 222 (2021), Toxins
- Publication Year :
- 2021
- Publisher :
- MDPI AG, 2021.
-
Abstract
- Shiga toxins (Stxs) are classic bacterial toxins and major virulence factors of toxigenic Shigella dysenteriae and enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli (EHEC). These toxins recognize a glycosphingolipid globotriaosylceramide (Gb3/CD77) as their receptor and inhibit protein synthesis in cells by cleaving 28S ribosomal RNA. They are the major cause of life-threatening complications such as hemolytic uremic syndrome (HUS), associated with severe cases of EHEC infection, which is the leading cause of acute kidney injury in children. The threat of Stxs is exacerbated by the lack of toxin inhibitors and effective treatment for HUS. Here, we briefly summarize the Stx structure, subtypes, in vitro and in vivo models, Gb3 expression and HUS, and then introduce recent studies using CRISPR-Cas9-mediated genome-wide screens to identify the host cell factors required for Stx action. We also summarize the latest progress in utilizing and engineering Stx components for biomedical applications.
- Subjects :
- Models, Molecular
Protein Conformation
Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis
lcsh:Medicine
Review
Gb3
Shiga Toxins
Toxicology
medicine.disease_cause
chemistry.chemical_compound
0302 clinical medicine
Immunotoxin
Neoplasms
hemic and lymphatic diseases
Shigella
Escherichia coli Infections
0303 health sciences
Shiga-Toxigenic Escherichia coli
biology
Immunotoxins
Trihexosylceramides
toxins
Shiga toxin
TM9SF2
immunotoxin
030220 oncology & carcinogenesis
Host-Pathogen Interactions
Shigella dysenteriae
Globotriaosylceramide
Virulence
Microbiology
Structure-Activity Relationship
03 medical and health sciences
medicine
Animals
Humans
Escherichia coli
bacterial toxins
030304 developmental biology
Toxin
lcsh:R
biology.organism_classification
chemistry
Hemolytic-Uremic Syndrome
hemolytic uremic syndrome
biology.protein
EHEC
CRISPR-Cas Systems
LAPTM4A
Subjects
Details
- ISSN :
- 20726651
- Volume :
- 13
- Database :
- OpenAIRE
- Journal :
- Toxins
- Accession number :
- edsair.doi.dedup.....5a4f64818e855ea17f43b31af86723a1