Epicardial adipose tissue volume is associated with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease and cardiovascular risk factors in the general population

Xiangbin Meng,1,* Wenyao Wang,2,* Kuo Zhang,2,* Yu Qi,2 Shimin An,2 Siyuan Wang,2 Jilin Zheng,2 Joyce Kong,3 Henghui Liu,4 Jing Wu,4 Yong Zhou,5 Chuanyu Gao,1 Yi-Da Tang2 1Department of Cardiology, Zhengzhou University People’s Hospital, Zhengzhou, Henan, China; 2Department of Cardiology Medicine, Coronary Heart Disease Center, State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China; 3New York Institute of Technology-College of Osteopathic Medicine, Old Westbury, NY, USA; 4Beijing Recdata Technology Co., Ltd., Beijing, China; 5Department of Cardiology, Beijing An Zhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Institute of Heart, Lung and Blood Vascular Diseases, Beijing, China *These authors contributed equally to this work Background: Epicardial adipose tissue (EAT) is considered an important source of bioactive molecules that can influence coronary arteries directly and is related to the concurrent presence of both obstructive coronary stenosis and myocardial ischemia independently. Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) has become an emergent health problem worldwide. Aim: This cross-sectional study aimed to address the relationship between the volume of EAT and NAFLD and other cardiovascular risk factors in the general population. Materials and methods: In this study, we selected a total of 2,238 participants aged at least 40 years from the Jidong community in Tangshan, China. The 64-slice CT was used to survey the volume of EAT and liver ultrasonography was used for the diagnosis of NAFLD. The study cohorts were compared according to EAT volume. Results: Cardiovascular risk factors, such as coronary artery calcium score, carotid intima-media thickness, NAFLD, and ideal cardiovascular health metrics were also found to be related to EAT. In multivariate logistic regression analysis, NAFLD groups showed significant association with higher EAT volume, after correcting for main cardiovascular disease risk factors (OR [95% CI], 1.407 [1.117, 1.773]). Conclusion: Our findings in a general community population provide evidence that EAT is strongly associated with NAFLD and other cardiovascular risk factors. Keywords: epicardial adipose tissue, EAT, coronary artery calcium, CAC, carotid intima-media thickness, CIMT, ideal cardiovascular health metrics, CVH