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Myeloid cell origins, differentiation, and clinical implications
- Source :
- Myeloid Cells in Health and Disease
- Publication Year :
- 2016
-
Abstract
- The hematopoietic stem cell (HSC) is a multipotent stem cell that resides in the bone marrow and has the ability to form all of the cells of the blood and immune system. Since its first purification in 1988, additional studies have refined the phenotype and functionality of HSCs and characterized all of their downstream progeny. The hematopoietic lineage is divided into two main branches: the myeloid and lymphoid arms. The myeloid arm is characterized by the common myeloid progenitor and all of its resulting cell types. The stages of hematopoiesis have been defined in both mice and humans. During embryological development, the earliest hematopoiesis takes place in yolk sac blood islands and then migrates to the fetal liver and hematopoietic organs. Some adult myeloid populations develop directly from yolk sac progenitors without apparent bone marrow intermediates, such as tissue-resident macrophages. Hematopoiesis also changes over time, with a bias of the dominating HSCs toward myeloid development as animals age. Defects in myelopoiesis contribute to many hematologic disorders, and some of these can be overcome with therapies that target the aberrant stage of development. Furthermore, insights into myeloid development have informed us of mechanisms of programmed cell removal. The CD47/SIRPĪ± axis, a myeloid-specific immune checkpoint, limits macrophage removal of HSCs but can be exploited by hematologic and solid malignancies. Therapeutics targeting CD47 represent a new strategy for treating cancer. Overall, an understanding of hematopoiesis and myeloid cell development has implications for regenerative medicine, hematopoietic cell transplantation, malignancy, and many other diseases.
- Subjects :
- 0301 basic medicine
Microbiology (medical)
Myeloid
Physiology
Biology
Article
03 medical and health sciences
0302 clinical medicine
Genetics
medicine
Animals
Humans
Cell Lineage
Myeloid Cells
Lymphopoiesis
Progenitor cell
General Immunology and Microbiology
Ecology
Hematopoietic stem cell
Cell Differentiation
Cell Biology
Hematopoietic Stem Cells
Haematopoiesis
030104 developmental biology
Infectious Diseases
medicine.anatomical_structure
Multipotent Stem Cell
030220 oncology & carcinogenesis
Immunology
Cancer research
Myelopoiesis
Bone marrow
Subjects
Details
- Language :
- English
- Database :
- OpenAIRE
- Journal :
- Myeloid Cells in Health and Disease
- Accession number :
- edsair.doi.dedup.....5c4acf91f94f565c1963fc5eee6b392d